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Grace Chang, Ph.D.

Grace Chang, Ph.D.
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Grace Chang, Ph.D.
Senior Science Advisor, Director of Research and Development

Grace Chang, Ph.D.

Senior Science Advisor, Director of Research and Development (831) 576-2881 Santa Barbara, CA gchang@integral-corp.com

Dr. Grace Chang has more than 25 years of experience in the fields of limnology and oceanography. Dr. Chang has managed programs involving field operations, data processing and analysis, and numerical modeling for environmental characterization, observational monitoring, scientific research, and technology development in support of marine renewable energy, hydrodynamics and sediment transport, and oceanographic research programs. She is recognized for her continued advancement of analytical methods in hydrodynamics and particle characterization through optics and acoustics, as well as for environmental research and monitoring. Dr. Chang has more than 40 peer-reviewed publications and frequently is invited to review materials for professional journals and national funding agencies.

OPTICS (OPTically-based In-situ Characterization System)

Resource

January 13 2025

The Benthic Zone (January 2025 Edition): Integral’s Sediment Newsletter

Press Release

January 13 2025

Optically-Based Evaluation of Stormwater as a Potential Source of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

Poster

October 08 2024

Integrated, Real-Time, Multi-Scale System for Monitoring Avian Interactions with Offshore Wind Energy Technologies

Poster

July 16 2024

SEABIRD: System for Environmental Assessment of Bird/Bat Interactions with Real-Time Detection

Publication

July 01 2024

Performance of an Acoustic Sensing Array in an Energetic Tidal Channel

Publication

July 01 2024

Performance Characteristics of the NoiseSpotter: An Acoustic Monitoring and Localization System

Publication

July 01 2024

Wave Energy Converter Arrays: Optimizing Power Production While Minimizing Environmental Effects

Publication

July 01 2024

Assessment of Wave Energy Resources and Factors Affecting Conversion

Publication

July 01 2024

Wave Data Assimilation in Support of Wave Energy Converter Power Prediction: Yakutat, Alaska Case Study

Publication

July 01 2024

Evaluation of stormwater as a potential source of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

Publication

February 21 2024

A High-Resolution, Optically-Based Chemical Contaminant Monitoring System for Remedy Performance Evaluation at U.S. Department of Defense Contaminated Sediment Site

Poster

December 06 2023

Projected Cross-Shore Changes in Upwelling Induced by Offshore Wind Farm Development Along the California Coast

Publication

April 13 2023

Use of SPI Technology to Quantitatively Evaluate the Effects of Carp Removal on Surface Sediment Conditions in a Michigan Lake

Poster

January 11 2023

Navigating California's Unique Legal, Permitting, and Environmental Risks for Offshore Wind

Video

August 08 2022

Grace Chang Coauthors Paper on the Variability of Floc Characteristics in a Shallow Estuary

Press Release

June 21 2022

Tidal Turbine and Marine Habitats

Video

June 09 2022

Effect of Floating Offshore Wind Turbines on Atmospheric Circulation in California

Publication

June 01 2022

Department of Energy Awards $200,000 for Small Business Research and Development to Integral Consulting Inc.

Press Release

May 20 2022

Novel Marine Energy Environmental Compliance Reporting Application Summarizes Disparate Content by Tags and Location

Resource

April 25 2022

Advancing Renewable Energy: Integral Awarded Funding from DOE for Open-Water R&D at PacWave

Press Release

April 15 2022

Yes, Your Geoscience Degree Can Lead to a Job Outside of Academia

Press Release

March 30 2022

Sediment Transport: Key Research Findings Published in Limnology and Oceanography Letters

Press Release

December 10 2021

Marine Renewables: Grace Chang, Kaustubha Raghukumar, and Frank Spada Coauthor Article in Frontiers in Marine Science

Press Release

October 19 2021

CalWave, San Diego

Case Study

April 18 2023

National Science Foundation

Case Study

April 18 2023

Office of Naval Research—Vandenberg Space Force Base and Los Angeles International Airport (LAX)

Case Study

April 18 2023

OPTICS Study on Mercury Releases to South River

Case Study

May 05 2020

Waves Anywhere: Real-Time Wave Modeling at Integral

Case Study

May 23 2019

R&D

SEABIRD: System for Environmental Assessment of Bird/Bat Interactions with Real-time Detection, California The primary goal of the SEABIRD project is to advance bird and bat monitoring technology to address critical knowledge gaps in collision risk models and allow wind energy proponents to avoid or minimize detrimental scenarios of high collision risk uncertainty. This project's multisensor monitoring framework will improve the accuracy and efficiency of wind energy assessments to support regulatory processes, conservation efforts, and sustainable wind energy development.
OPTically-based In-situ Characterization System (OPTICS), United States Primary inventor of OPTICS, a system for characterizing surface water chemical contamination. OPTICS combines robust aquatic instrumentation and innovative data processing techniques to produce high-resolution measurements of dissolved and particulate concentrations of a wide range of contaminants at a significantly reduced cost. OPTICS has been validated and demonstrated at multiple contaminated sediment sites and shown that the system provides low-cost, high-resolution, time-series measurements of PCBs, heavy metals (mercury and lead), and other contaminants of concern (e.g., DDx, TCDDs, and copper).
Rapidly Deployable Acoustic Monitoring and Localization System Based on a Low-Cost Wave Buoy Platform As co-inventor, developed a cost-effective, compact array of acoustic vector sensors, NoiseSpotter®, that characterizes, classifies, and provides accurate location information for anthropogenic and natural sounds in support of environmental monitoring technologies to evaluate the impact of marine and hydrokinetic energy devices.
Real-Time Wave Assessment Tool As co-principal investigator, developed an ocean wave buoy capable of measuring and wirelessly relaying real-time wave data in support of the design, siting, and performance optimization of ocean energy conversion systems. This project resulted in the commercialization of the Spotter wave measurement buoy.

Renewable Energy

Consultant Report in Support of California Senate Bill (SB) 605 (Wave and Tidal Energy), California Contributed to the consultant report that supports the California Energy Commission’s 2024 Integrated Energy Policy Report. Authored several chapters of the Phase 1 (Feasibility, Permitting, and Economic Development) and Phase 2 (Identify Sea Space and Least Conflict Areas for Wave and Tidal Energy) consultant reports for SB 605.
A Numerical Modeling Framework to Evaluate Effects of Offshore Wind Farms on the California Upwelling Ecosystem Studying the potential effects of California offshore wind turbines on the wind stress field, upwelling circulation, and biogeochemical responses for a number of baseline (no wind farms) and modified (simulated wind farms) scenarios using highly resolved coupled numerical models (atmosphere-ocean circulation). Upwelling index metrics are being computed to quantify changes in upwelling resulting from offshore wind turbine deployment. Ocean circulation results indicate that net upwelling in a wide coastal band changes relatively little; however, the spatial structure of upwelling within the coastal region of a wind farm can be shifted. Results for biogeochemical effects are pending.
Empowering Communities with a Multi-Use Decision Support Dashboard to Participate in Marine Renewable Energy Planning and Development, United States Collaborated with community organizations to engage community members to guide development of a user-friendly dashboard to give stakeholders a data-driven voice in the marine renewable energy (MRE) planning and development process. The dashboard enables interactive visualization and synthesis of multiple layers of ocean use data to promote meaningful stakeholder engagement and communications, and informed and inclusive decision-making, and will be a significant advancement in ocean multi-use management with MRE.
Overcoming WEC Grid Integration Challenges: Coupling Wave Forecasting, WEC Array Controls, and Power Production, Yakutat, Alaska Implemented machine-learning methods for optimization of wave data assimilation modeling to improve wave forecasting. Accurate wave forecasts were integrated with wave energy converter (WEC) farm operational controls and energy storage systems to increase certainty in power forecasts. The “complete” power forecast will balance energy variability on grids for energy resiliency and security.  
Improving the Efficiency and Effectiveness for Marine Hydrokinetic Permitting: A Toolkit and Engagement for Success, United States Developed an easily accessible online toolkit that integrates relevant regulatory, scientific, and spatial marine energy data to increase regulators’ understanding of marine energy projects, devices, and their potential environmental impacts while reducing permitting time and costs of marine energy projects. Conducted in-person meetings and webinars with relevant regulators from federal and state agencies to share and gather input on the toolkit and share experts’ understanding of potential impacts and the state of known/unknown science for marine energy projects.
Marine and Hydrokinetic Energy Market Acceleration and Deployment, Environmentally Focused, Kaneohe, Hawaii, and Santa Cruz, California Performed numerical modeling of the effects of nearshore wave propagation in the lee of WEC arrays. Performed sensitivity analyses of numerical wave models to offshore wave conditions, model parameters, and WEC characteristics. Executed wave models over various offshore wave conditions for evaluation of nearshore wave propagation in the presence and absence of modeled WECs.
Model Validation and Site Characterization for Marine Energy Sites, Multiple Sites Assisting multiple clients with high-fidelity wave and tidal resource characterization at potential wave and tidal energy sites. Performed comprehensive wave and tidal energy resource assessment using numerical modeling and geospatial tools and techniques. Managed field data collection of high-quality wave resource and water column current data. Characterized suspended particle load (particle concentration, size, and composition) at a potential tidal energy site to inform a regional circulation model and to enable industry to design devices best suited to resist the abrasive and intrusive stresses of suspended materials.

Contaminated Sediments

OPTICS Implementations for Remedial Investigation, Baseline Assessments, Source Identification, and More, United States Developed, validated, and commercialized OPTICS, a high-resolution chemical contaminant characterization system. OPTICS demonstrations include determining high-resolution surface water contaminant concentrations to quantify fluxes and mass transport of heavy metals, PCBs, pesticides, and other surface water contaminants to support numerous tasks, including providing baseline information with which to measure potential changes in water quality after adjustments to a Superfund site (e.g., carp management) are made; establishing baseline criteria and resuspension engineering performance standards for dredging and capping activities; determining and quantifying mechanisms of redistribution of heavy metals to support remediation efforts; and identifying, quantifying, and characterizing sources and transport mechanisms of surface chemical contaminants at multiple Superfund sites. Demonstrated OPTICS as a cost-effective, long-term monitoring method for chemical contaminants in surface water and evaluated the utility and cost-effectiveness of the technology compared to traditional sampling methods (supported by the Environmental Security Technology Certification Program).
Berry’s Creek Study Area, Sediment and Contaminant Transport Investigation, New Jersey Obtained field measurements and performed data analysis for development of a quantitative description of the hydrodynamics and sediment transport in the system, in support of risk analysis and remedial selection and design. Calculated site-wide sediment flux and solids mass balance using measurements of currents and sediment concentration derived from acoustical and optical measurements. Developed a suite of instrumentation for measuring bottom shear stress and particle characteristics using acoustical and optical methods.
Evaluation of Environmental Dredging for Remediating Contaminated Sediments in the Ashtabula River, Ohio Characterized the environmental dredge plume using moored and mobile field measurements. Mapped the extent of the dredge plume using a novel sediment gradient approach. Quantified the volume of the dredge plume and the total mass of dredge sediment released into the water column during dredging activities. Related sediment concentration to concentrations of contaminants of potential concern to estimate the mass of contaminants released during dredging.
Contaminated Sediment Transport in the Kalamazoo River, Michigan Characterized key regions of sediment deposition based on river characteristics, flow, and sediment loads along the Kalamazoo River, to assess sediment trapping efficiencies. Performed a review of previous evaluations of site hydrodynamics and sediment transport. Calculated flow rates and sediment loading throughout the site. Results were used to perform mass balance of sediment loads in impoundments along the river, to estimate trapping efficiencies. Estimated trapping efficiencies were compared to results from previous analytical and numerical assessments.
Conceptual Site Model Delineation of In-Water Site Boundary, Port Angeles Harbor, Washington Obtained hydrodynamic field measurements and performed numerical modeling to support contaminant fate and transport investigations. Executed a numerical wave model and validated results with measurements to assess the potential for sediment resuspension and transport during standard and extreme environmental conditions.
Sediment Transport Analysis at the United Heckathorn Superfund Site, Richmond, California Developed a sediment transport conceptual site model from field and analytical results to address sediment management questions. Determined the magnitude and frequency of sediment resuspension and the magnitude and direction of sediment flux from analysis of field data.

Environmental Monitoring

Environmental Monitoring and Analysis in Support of Port of Bunbury Dredging Activities, Koombana Bay, Western Australia Calculated water column suspended solids concentration from acoustical and optical measurements to establish background and exceedance levels of total suspended solids concentration at monitoring and reference sites during Port of Bunbury Inner Harbour dredging activities. Performed analysis of solids variability as related to physical forcing processes to ascertain potential sources of elevated solids. Utilized a combined current and wave bottom shear stress model to help determine sediment stability of a proposed dredge material disposal site and validated the model with SEDflume laboratory results.
Currents, Waves, and Suspended Sediment Monitoring, Baker Bay, Washington Monitored water column and near-bed currents, surface waves, and water quality at seven different sites in Baker Bay, Washington, over a 6-week period to estimate sediment accumulation in Baker Bay, as well as sediment shoaling in two important navigation channels, Ilwaco and Chinook Channels, to aid the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in determination of dredging needs in the region.

Oceanography

Using Population Genetic Models to Resolve and Predict Dispersal Kernels of Marine Larvae, South Pacific Ocean Co-principal investigator on a National Science Foundation project to develop data-assimilated biophysical models of larval dispersal using isolation-by-distance (IbD) theory to estimate mean parent-offspring distance for reef fish species at three isolated South Pacific archipelagos, determine the relative role of species traits and seascape characteristics in shaping larval dispersal kernels, develop a conservation framework to design managed area networks that capture temporal variability in larval dispersal over many generations, and engage with local stakeholders in each archipelago to implement the newly developed approach.
Improved Observation and Parameterization of Bottom Boundary Layer Turbulence and Particle Properties, San Francisco Bay, California As co-principal investigator, used novel acoustical and optical instrumentation and laboratory-based sediment experiments deployed in wave-driven estuarine waters of San Francisco Bay to directly observe relationships between physical dynamics and biogeochemical properties of suspended particles. The field and laboratory results are used to inform a large-eddy simulation model that resolves high-resolution variability of the turbulent, sediment-laden boundary layer. This work was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF).
Nearshore Sound Propagation of and Species’ Response to Active-Source Seismic Surveys, Offshore Oregon, United States As co-principal investigator, measured the particle motion component and pressure amplitude variations of the acoustic disturbance from seismic survey explosions along the Cascadia Subduction Zone. High-intensity acoustic pulse information is correlated with behavioral responses of fishes and invertebrates in the Redfish Rocks Marine Reserve using acoustic telemetry, tracking, and acceleration of tagged animals. This project is funded by the NSF.
Adaptive Mapping of the Hypoxic Zone, Gulf of Mexico Served as co-principal investigator to develop enhanced autonomous hypoxia mapping capabilities for surface, subsurface, and near-bottom waters of the Gulf of Mexico and other water bodies affected by hypoxia.
Prediction of Optical Variability in Dynamic Nearshore Environments, Santa Cruz, California; Waimanalo, Hawaii; and Duck, North Carolina As lead principal investigator, developed a system for forecasting marine optical conditions in the surf zone and nearshore coastal ocean using field measurements, analytical methods, and numerical modeling.
Radiance in a Dynamic Ocean (RaDyO): Radiance and Visibility as Affected by Inherent Optical Properties, and Imaging System Performance and Visibility as Affected by the Physical Environment, San Diego and Santa Barbara, California Led and co-managed a team of principal investigators in an investigation of the sources of variability of optical properties for the interpretation of images from underwater electro-optical systems. Determined sources of variability of underwater visibility, including upper ocean mixing from wind forcing and stratification, as well as eddy-induced phytoplankton blooms.
Multidisciplinary Ocean Sensors for Environmental Analysis and Networks (MOSEAN), Hawaii and Santa Barbara, California Acted as project manager to develop, test, and validate new sensors that are capable of sampling biological, chemical, and optical variables and demonstrated new interdisciplinary sensor suites for use with a variety of autonomous, unattended, stationary and mobile sampling platforms in coastal and deep ocean environments.
Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System (SCCOOS): Shelf to Shoreline Observatory Development, Santa Barbara, California As lead principal investigator and SCCOOS Mooring Working Group member, managed and participated in the development and operations of a real‑time interdisciplinary mooring platform deployed in 80 m of water on a shelf break. Researched the delivery of nutrients, particles, and pollutants from offshore to the nearshore coastal ocean.

For a more comprehensive list, see profile on Research Gate or Google Scholar.

Chang, G., M. Chevitarese, S. Kramer, S. Schneider, S. Matzner, J. Lewis, L. Cheung, and A.M. Macrander. 2024. SEABIRD: System for Environmental Assessment of Bird/Bat Interactions with Real-time Detection. K. Faulk and L. Morse (eds.), Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, TX. doi.org/10.4043/35220-MS.

Chang, G., F. Spada, K. Brodock, C. Hutchings, and K. Markillie. 2024. Evaluation of stormwater as a potential source of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, 100659. doi.org/10.1016/j.cscee.2024.100659.

Chang, G., B.D. Best, and S. Kramer. 2023. Empowering communities to participate in marine energy planning and development. Proceedings of the 15th European Wave and Tidal Energy Conference, vol. 15, September 2023. Bilbao, Spain. doi.org/ 10.36688/ewtec-2023-281.

Raghukumar, K., K. Heal, F. Spada, G. Chang, S. Henkel, T. Chapple, and S. Heppel. 2023. Acoustic measurements during a seismic airgun survey: The case of the Cascadia Subduction Zone. In: The Effects of Noise in Aquatic Life.  A.N. Popper et al. (eds.). Springer Nature, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10417-6_131-1.

Raghukumar, K., T. Nelson, M. Jacox, C. Chartrand, J. Fiechter, G. Chang, L. Cheung, and J. Roberts. 2023. Cross-shore changes in upwelling from offshore wind farm development in California. Comm. Earth & Environ. 4: 116. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00780-y

Raghukumar, K., C. Chartrand, G. Chang, L. Cheung, and J. Roberts. 2022. Effect of floating offshore wind turbines on atmospheric circulation in California. Front. Energy Res. 10:863995. doi: 10.3389/fenrg.2022.863995.

Egan, G., G. Chang, A.J. Manning, S. Monismith, and O. Fringer. 2022. On the variability of floc characteristics in a shallow estuary. J. Geophys. Res. 127, e2021JC018343, doi.org/10.1029/2021JC018343

Chang, G., G. Egan, J. D. McNeil, S. McWilliams, C. Jones, F. Spada, S. Monismith, and O. Fringer. 2021. Seasonal particle responses to near-bed shear stress in a shallow, wave- and current-driven environment. Limnol. Oceanogr. Lett. doi: 10.1002/lol2.10221

Chang, G., G. Harker-Klimeš, K. Raghukumar, B. Polagye, J. Haxel, J. Joslin, F. Spada, and G. Staines. 2021. Clearing a path to commercialization of marine renewable energy technologies through public-private collaboration. Front. Mar. Sci., 8, 669413. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2021.669413

Egan, G., G. Chang, S. McWilliams, G. Revelas, O. Fringer, and S. Monismith. 2020. Cohesive sediment erosion in a combined wave-current boundary layer. J. Geophys. Res. 126(2):e2020JC016655. doi: 10.1029/2020JC016655

Egan, G., A. Manning, G. Chang, O. Fringer, and S. Monismith. 2020. Sediment-induced stratification in an estuarine bottom boundary layer. J. Geophys. Res. 125(8):e2019JC016022. doi: 10.1029/2019JC016022

Egan, G., G. Chang, G. Revelas, S. Monismith, and O. Fringer. 2020. Bottom drag varies seasonally with biological roughness. Geophys. Res. Lett. 47, e2020GL088425. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088425

Jones, C., G. Chang, J. Magalen, and J. Roberts. 2020. Validation of a hydrodynamics and sediment transport modeling framework for the evaluation of offshore wind farms. Marine Technology Society Journal 54(6):62–76.

Whiting, J.M., and G. Chang. 2020. Changes in oceanographic systems associated with marine renewable energy devices. pp. 127–145. In: OES-Environmental 2020 State of the Science Report: Environmental Effects of Marine Renewable Energy Development Around the World. A.E. Copping and L.G. Hemery (eds). Ocean Energy Systems.

Raghukumar, K., G. Chang, F. Spada, and C. Jones. 2020. A vector sensor-based acoustic characterization system for marine renewable energy. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 8(3):187. doi:10.3390/jmse8030187.

Raghukumar, K., G. Chang, F. Spada, C. Jones, W. Gans, and T. Janssen. 2019. Performance characteristic of Spotter, a newly developed real-time wave measurement buoy. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech. doi: 10.1175/JTECH-D-18-0151.1

Jones, C., G. Chang, A. Dallman, J. Roberts, K. Raghukumar, and S. McWilliams. 2019. Assessment of wave energy resources and factors affecting conversion. B. Carrier and D. Ball (eds), Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, TX. doi:10.4043/29570-MS

Raghukumar, K., S. McWilliams, G. Chang, J. Roberts, and C. Jones. 2019. Wave energy converter arrays: Optimizing power production while minimizing environmental effects. C. Jones and J. Chitwood (eds), Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, TX. doi:10.4043/29658-MS

Chang, G., and C. Jones. 2018. Towards low-cost, low-impact marine renewable energy. Scientia. https://doi.org/10.26320/SCIENTIA135.

Chang, G., T. Martin, K. Whitehead, C. Jones, and F. Spada. 2018. Optically based quantification of fluxes of mercury, methyl mercury, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at Berry’s Creek tidal estuary, New Jersey. Limnol. Oceanogr. doi: 10.1002/lno.11021

Chang, G., T. Martin, F. Spada, B. Sackmann, C. Jones, and K. Whitehead. 2018. OPTically-based In-situ Characterization System (OPTICS) to quantify concentrations and mass fluxes of mercury and methylmercury in South River, Virginia, USA. River Research and Applications 2018:1–10. doi: 10.1002/rra.3361

Chang, G., C.A. Jones, J.D. Roberts, and V. Neary. 2018. A comprehensive evaluation of factors affecting the levelized cost of wave energy conversion projects. Renewable Energy 127:344–354.

Jones, C., G. Chang, K. Raghukumar, S. McWilliams, A. Dallman, and J. Roberts. 2018. Spatial Environmental Assessment Tool (SEAT): A modeling tool to evaluate potential environmental risks associated with wave energy converter deployments. Energies 11, 2036, doi: 10.3390/en11082036.

Chang, G., K. Ruehl, C.A. Jones, J. Roberts, and C. Chartrand. 2016. Numerical modeling of the effects of wave energy converter characteristics on nearshore wave conditions. Renewable Energy 89:636–648.

Chang, G., C. Jones, and M. Twardowski. 2013. Prediction of optical variability in dynamic nearshore environments. Meth. Oceanogr. 7:63–78.

Chang, G., and M.S. Twardowski. 2011. Effects of physical forcing and particle characteristics on underwater imaging performance. J. Geophys. Res. 116:C00H03, doi: 10.1029/2011JC007098

Chang, G., M.S. Twardowski, Y. You, M. Moline, P.-W. Zhai, S. Freeman, M. Slivkoff, F. Nencioli, and G.W. Kattawar. 2010. Platform effects on optical variability and prediction of underwater visibility. Appl. Opt. 49(15):2784–2796.

Nencioli, F., G. Chang, M. Twardowski, and T.D. Dickey. 2010. Optical characterization of an eddy-induced diatom bloom west of the island of Hawaii. Biogeosci. 7:151–162.

Chang, G., and A.L. Whitmire. 2009. Effects of bulk particle characteristics on backscattering and optical closure. Opt. Expr. 17(4):2132–2142.

Blackwell, S.M., M.A. Moline, A. Schaffner, T. Garrison, and G. Chang. 2008. Sub kilometer length scales in coastal waters. Cont. Shelf Res. 28:215–226.

Chang, G., and T.D. Dickey. 2008. Interdisciplinary sampling strategies for detection and characterization of harmful algal blooms. pp. 43–84. In: Real-Time Coastal Observing Systems for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics and Harmful Algal Blooms. M. Babin, C.S. Roesler, and J.J. Cullen (eds). UNESCO Publications, Paris.

Chang, G., A.H. Barnard, and J.R.V. Zaneveld. 2007. Optical closure in a complex coastal environment: Particle effects. Appl. Opt. 46(31):7679–7692.

Chang, G.C., A.H. Barnard, S. McLean, P.J. Egli, C. Moore, J.R.V. Zaneveld, T.D. Dickey, and A. Hanson. 2006. In situ optical variability and relationships in the Santa Barbara Channel: Implications for remote sensing. Appl. Opt. 45(15):3593–3604.

Chang, G.C., Dickey, T., and M. Lewis. 2006. Toward a global ocean system for measurements of optical properties using remote sensing and in situ observations. pp. 285 326. In: Remote Sensing of the Marine Environment: Manual of Remote Sensing. J.F.R. Gower (ed). Vol. 6, Ch. 9. ASPRS Publications, Bethesda, MD.

Dickey, T., M. Lewis, and G. Chang. 2006. Bio-optical oceanography: Recent advances and future directions using global remote sensing and in situ observations. Rev. Geophys. 44:RG1001, doi: 10.1029/2003RG000148.

Chang, G.C., and T.D. Dickey. 2004. Coastal ocean optical influences on solar transmission and radiant heating rate. J. Geophys. Res. 109:C01020, doi: 10.1029/2003JC001821. (Selected AGU Journal Highlight Article, JGR-Oceans)

Chang, G.C., K. Mahoney, A. Briggs-Whitmire, D. Kohler, C. Mobley, M. Moline, M. Lewis, E. Boss, M. Kim, W. Philpot, and T. Dickey. 2004. The new age of hyperspectral oceanography. Oceanogr. Mag. 17 (2):22–29.

Coble, P., C. Hu, R. Gould, G. Chang, and M. Wood. 2004. Colored dissolved organic matter in the coastal ocean: An optical tool for coastal zone environmental assessment and management. Oceanogr. Mag. 17 (2):50–59.

Manov, D.V., G.C. Chang, and T.D. Dickey. 2004. Methods for reducing biofouling of moored optical sensors. J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech. 21(6):958–968.

Chang, G.C., E. Boss, C. Mobley, T.D. Dickey, and W.S. Pegau. 2003. Toward closure of upwelling radiance in coastal waters. Appl. Opt. 42:1574–1582.

Chang, G.C., T.D. Dickey, O.M. Schofield, A.D. Weidemann, E. Boss, W.S. Pegau, M.A. Moline, and S.M. Glenn. 2002. Nearshore physical forcing of bio-optical properties in the New York Bight. J. Geophys. Res. 107:3133, doi:10.1029/2001JC001018.

Zheng, X., T. Dickey, and G. Chang. 2002. Variability of the downwelling diffuse attenuation coefficient with consideration of inelastic scattering. Appl. Opt. 41:6477–6488.

Boss, E., W.S. Pegau, W.D. Gardner, J.R.V. Zaneveld, A.H. Barnard, G.C. Chang, and T.D. Dickey. 2001. Particulate attenuation at the bottom boundary layer of a continental shelf. J. Geophys. Res. 106:9509–9516.

Chang, G.C., and T.D. Dickey. 2001. Optical and physical variability on time scales from minutes to the seasonal cycle on the New England shelf: July 1996 – June 1997. J. Geophys. Res. 106:9435–9453.

Chang, G.C., T.D. Dickey, and A.J. Williams III. 2001. Sediment resuspension over a continental shelf during hurricanes Edouard and Hortense. J. Geophys. Res. 106:9517–9531.

Souza, A.J., T.D. Dickey, and G.C. Chang. 2001. Modeling water column structure and suspended particulate matter in the middle Atlantic continental shelf during the passage of hurricanes Edouard and Hortense. J. Marine Res. 59:1021–1045.

Chang, G.C., and T.D. Dickey. 1999. Partitioning in situ total spectral absorption by use of moored spectral absorption-attenuation meters. App. Opt. 38:3876–3887.

Dickey, T.D., G.C. Chang, Y.C. Agrawal, A.J. Williams III, and P.S. Hill. 1998. Sediment resuspension in the wakes of hurricanes Edouard and Hortense. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25:3533–3536.

Chang, G., F. Spada, K. Brodock, C. Hutchings, and K. Markillie. 2025. Riders on the stormwater: Characterizing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) discharged from Oscar 1 Pier Outfall, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Oral presentation at the Twelfth International Conference on the Remediation and Management of Contaminated Sediments, Tampa, FL. January 27–30.

Chang, G., B. Best, and S. Kramer. 2024. CStories: Digital tools to facilitate community participation in offshore wind planning and development. eLightning presentation at the 2024 Ocean Sciences Meeting. Co-sponsored by the American Geophysical Union, the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography, and The Oceanography Society. February 18–23.

Chang, G., T. Martin, C. Jones, and P. Brussock. 2023. Marsh-water exchange of methylmercury at Berry’s Creek Study Area, New Jersey. Oral presentation at the Eleventh International Conference on the Remediation and Management of Contaminated Sediments, Austin, TX. January 9–12.

Chang, G., T. Martin, C. Jones, and F. Spada. 2022. High-resolution, optically-based quantification and assessments of chemical contaminant concentration and mass transport. Oral presentation at the SERDP-ESTCP-OE Innovation Symposium. November 29–December 2.

Chang, G., G. Egan, J. McNeil, S. McWilliams, C. Jones, F. Spada, S. Monismith, and O. Fringer. 2022. Particle responses to near-bed shear stress in a shallow, wave- and current-driven environment. Platform presentation at the Ocean Sciences Meeting. Co-sponsored by the American Geophysical Union, the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography, and The Oceanography Society, Virtual.  February 24–March 4.

Jones, C., S. McWilliams, K. Raghukumar, G. Chang, and J. Roberts. 2020. Optimization of wave energy converter array deployments while minimizing potential environmental risks. Oral presentation at the 2020 Ocean Sciences Meeting. Co-sponsored by the American Geophysical Union, the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography, and The Oceanography Society, San Diego, CA. February 16–21.

Invited presentation, “Potential Effects of Offshore Wind Farms on California Upwelling,” California Coastal Commission Informational Briefing on Offshore Wind. May 11, 2023.

Short course titled “Evaluating Sediment Transport:  Best Practices, Tools, Techniques, and Application to Site Management.”  Eleventh International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments. January 9–12, 2023.

Town Hall Panelist, “Supporting Marine Renewable Energy Development through Multi-Scale Testing,” 2020 Ocean Science Meeting. February 19, 2020.

Short course titled “Evaluating Sediment Transport: Best Practices, Tools, Techniques, and Application to Site Management.” Tenth International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments. January 2019.

Seminar titled: “High-resolution biogeochemical monitoring using optical technology.” Southern California Coastal Water Resources Project. January 2016.

Invited participant. Consortium for Ocean Leadership, NASA data QA/QC workshop. June 2012.

Lecture titled “Ocean Optics: Seeing Clearly in Muddy Waters.” United States Geological Survey Western Coastal and Marine Geology seminar series. May 2010.

Lecture titled “Sediment Transport Investigations at Contaminated Sediment Sites.” Southern California Coastal Water Research Project seminar series. April 2010.

Lecture titled “The Prediction of Visibility in Dynamic Surf Zone Environments.” University of Hawaii Ocean and Resources Engineering seminar series. March 2010.

Lecture titled “Ocean Optics: Seeing the Light through Science and Technology.” University of California at Los Angeles Physical Oceanography departmental seminar. May 2008.

Lectures titled “Inherent Optical Properties—Data Visualization,” “Apparent Optical Properties—Data Post-Processing,” and “Observational Systems.” HABWatch workshop: Real-Time Coastal Observing Systems for Ecosystem Dynamics and Harmful Algal Blooms. June 2003.

Chang, G., C.A. Jones, and T. Martin. 2021. Optical-based Monitoring and Characterization of Natural Water (United States Patent No. 11,079,368).

Raghukumar, K., G. Chang, F. Spada, and C.A. Jones. 2021. Vector Sensor-Based Acoustic Monitoring System (United States Patent No. 11,156,734).

NoiseSpotter® U.S. Trademark No. 6,442,313.

Marine Energy Technology Symposium (METS) Board Member. 2018 to present.

Associate Editor for Oceanography. 2018 to present.

The Oceanography Society Co‑chair (2020) and Chair (2022) for the Ocean Sciences Meeting planning committee. 2018 to 2022.

Organizing committee member and session moderator. Ocean Waves Workshop. December 2017.

Planning committee member. Ocean Optics Conference. 2010 to 2016.

Peer reviewer for myriad oceanographic journals and funding agencies.

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