Todd Martin, P.E.

Principal, Engineering

Todd Martin, P.E. Principal, Engineering

Mr. Todd Martin is a professional engineer and a hydrogeochemist. He has 26 years of experience in the environmental field, specializing in environmental engineering, the transport and fate of inorganic and organic chemicals in the environment, and remediation alternatives analysis. Mr. Martin’s background encompasses aqueous and soil geochemistry, hydrogeology, hydrodynamics and sediment transport, and engineering design and cost analysis. He has substantial experience conducting RI/FSs. Mr. Martin emphasizes the development of detailed conceptual site models and the application of innovative empirical and modeling strategies to understand the processes that drive site risks, a...

Todd Martin, P.E.

Principal, Engineering

Contaminated Sediments

Berry’s Creek Superfund Site, New Jersey Project manager for the remedial investigation, a lead author for the feasibility study, and technical advisor for the remedial design for the Berry’s Creek Study Area (BCSA) Superfund site. The BCSA is a watershed-based Superfund site that traverses six boroughs in northern New Jersey. The creek is a tidal tributary to the Hackensack estuary and encompasses 12 square miles of wetlands. The area contains industrial, commercial, and residential properties and has been impacted by human activities since the turn of the 20th century. Sediment, surface water, and biota are impacted by mercury, methylmercury, PCBs, and numerous other contaminants. Played a critical role in strategy development and in the design and implementation of a remedial investigation that emphasized empirical data collection to develop a detailed understanding of the factors that contribute to site risks. Led the development of a conceptual site model that identified the key physical, chemical, and biological processes that collectively drive site risks and define the need and extent for remediation. These efforts were instrumental in providing EPA with the basis for recommending an adaptively managed remedy that implements focused source control measures and seeks to maximize long-term natural recovery. Select experience from this 10+ year project is summarized below.

Directed and oversaw of the overall remedial investigation for the BCSA site. Responsible for the project budget, schedule, and quality control.
Task lead for the characterization of the physical system. Directed an empirical and modeling based program to quantity uplands baseflow and runoff in the watershed and the associated upland sediment and contaminant loads to the tidal areas. Providing ongoing support to the client group in the evaluation of flooding impacts in the area.
Directed the development of the water and sediment balances for the site, considering uplands, tidal, and groundwater flows and quantifying tidal exchange between the creek and wetlands.
Coordinated the remedial investigation evaluation of system hydrodynamics and sediment transport, which emphasized extensive empirical data collection to support the development of calibrated and validated numerical models for the site.
Championed the development and use of Integral’s OPTically based In Situ Characterization System (OPTICS) to quantify the concentrations of mercury, methylmercury, PCBs, and other parameters in surface water at high temporal frequency. The OPTICS technique supported an unprecedented level of data collection and site understanding. The technique was instrumental in demonstrating the role of the fluff layer on mercury and PCB transport—a critical consideration in the selection of a focused, adaptive remedy for the site.
Led an investigation to evaluate sediment and contaminant exchange between the tidal creeks and the wetlands, which included a detailed evaluation of particulate and dissolved contaminant mass flux, using Integral’s OPTICS technique and other lines of evidence. The investigation demonstrated that the wetlands are recovering naturally, but that the extent and rate of natural recovery is limited by ongoing contaminant exchange from the tidal creeks to the wetlands. These findings support the implementation of a source control remedy in the tidal creeks, such that natural recovery in the 12 mi2 area is maximized.
Contributing author on the feasibility study that supported EPA’s selection of an adaptively managed, phased remedy that emphasizes source control in the initial remedy phase and maximizes the potential for monitored natural recovery in subsequent phases of the remedy.
Leading the development of the performance monitoring program for the Phase 1 remedial design. Co-leading a demonstration project to evaluate remedial alternatives for the intertidal marsh. Technical advisor to the remedial design.

Penobscot River Estuary, Maine Principal in charge overseeing the design and permitting of a capping remedy for 130 acres of intertidal flats in Orrington Reach to reduce mercury exposures and accelerate recovery in the estuary, while minimizing ecological impacts associated with the cap placement. The design of the capping remedy must consider the challenging site conditions, such as high currents, significant tidal shifts, winter ice, and privately owned intertidal areas, which present considerable obstacles for permitting and implementation of the work. Working proactively with stakeholders to identify key concerns early and develop approaches to mitigate potential impacts to the critical habitat, evaluate constructability, and engage permitting agencies, while ensuring the development of an acceptable remedial program that maximizes environmental benefit given the available funds for remediation.

Kerr-McGee Chemical Corp. Superfund Site, Navassa, North Carolina Principal in charge supporting the CERCLA process to characterize and remediate environmental impacts associated with a former wood treatment facility—including dense, nonaqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) contamination of intertidal marsh sediment and sediment porewater. Directing completion of the remedial investigation report and risk assessment for the marsh, and leading the preparation of the feasibility studies for the marsh operable unit.

Portland Harbor RI/FS, Portland, Oregon Technical lead in the evaluation of contaminated groundwater discharge influences on river sediments and sediment transition zone water chemistry along a 9-mile stretch of the Willamette River. Participated in the development and implementation of a pilot study to evaluate technologies and methods to identify zones of groundwater discharge and to collect sediment transition zone water samples. Implemented optimally performing technologies and methods to assess influence of contaminated groundwater discharge associated with nine sites on the river sediment quality. Directed a geochemical evaluation of groundwater discharge based on groundwater, transition zone water, surface water chemical fingerprints, and modeling of geochemical reactions along the flow path.

Confidential Site, Washington Directed an analysis of the contributions of urban storm water runoff to dioxin contamination in harbor sediments. An analytical model was developed using the revised universal soil loss equation and measured dioxin concentrations in municipal soils to assess the potential dioxin load associated with runoff and the associated liability to the municipality.

Engineering Evaluation/Cost Analysis at a Former Chemical Manufacturing Facility, Portland, Oregon Managed the preparation of an engineering evaluation and cost analysis (EE/CA) for sediment remediation at the site in Portland Harbor, meeting an aggressive schedule mandated by the agency. Supported the screening, development, and detailed evaluation of removal action alternatives for the site; prepared significant portions of the EE/CA; and provided senior review of the document as a whole.

Patrick's Bayou, Houston, Texas Led an analysis of groundwater–surface water mixing in a tidal estuary in Houston, Texas, in support of an analysis of groundwater discharge on benthic toxicity. The analysis involved an evaluation of the geochemical fingerprints of groundwater, surface water, and sediment porewater. The analysis considered the temporal and spatial variability in the surface water geochemical fingerprint in response to tidal fluxes and precipitation events. The analysis supported a site-specific surface water mixing factor (SWMF) relating chemical concentrations in groundwater to chemical concentrations in Patrick Bayou sediment porewater that is considerably greater than the default. This site-specific SWMF was used in the development of protective concentration levels relevant to the groundwater to sediment exposure pathway for benthic organisms and wildlife.

Mercury Investigation, South River, Virginia Led an investigation using Integral’s OPTICS technique to characterize particulate and dissolved mercury and methylmercury in the South River. The investigation supported detailed quantification of mercury and methylmercury mass flux under base flow and storm flow conditions, as well as provided an unprecedented understanding of the influence of temperature and bioturbation on mercury concentrations in the water column.

Confidential Site, Maryland Supported an assessment of an existing groundwater extraction system to assess the capture efficiency. Served as the principal investigator for a sediment porewater sampling program to assess if impacts to sediments and pore waters in the tidal area adjacent to the site are related to incomplete capture of discharging groundwater. Prepared a detailed analysis of porewater and groundwater data, and related risk analyses, to demonstrate that the groundwater extraction system is effectively limiting risks posed by offsite discharge of impacted groundwater to an acceptable level.

Sediment Characterization Project, Confidential Site, New Mexico Managed a project to develop a sampling and analysis plan to characterize sediments in dry reservoir in New Mexico. The sampling strategy required identification of unconventional techniques to overcome numerous physical challenges posed by the reservoir environment, including specialty drilling equipment and techniques to sample the semisaturated soils and sediments in the reservoir bed and various approaches to facilitate access through the ubiquitous, invasive salt-cedar vegetation.

Sediment Porewater Characterization, Nitro, West Virginia Provided technical oversight for the design and implementation of a field characterization program to sample sediments and sediment porewater in river sediments adjacent to a former chemical manufacturing facility. The study demonstrated that groundwater discharge from the site was not adversely impacting river sediment and sediment porewater quality.

Uplands and Groundwater Remediation

Kerr-McGee Chemical Corp. Superfund Site, Columbus, Mississippi Principal in charge supporting the CERCLA process to characterize and remediate environmental impacts associated with a former wood treatment facility-including DNAPL contamination and contaminated soil, groundwater, and stream sediments. Providing strategic support to client and the beneficiaries on project direction and risk management. Oversaw the completion of the remedial investigation and risk assessments, six feasibility studies for operable units at the site, remedial design, and construction oversight for active remediation.

Kerr-McGee Chemical Corp. Site, Meridian, Mississippi Principal in charge supporting the characterization and remediation of environmental impacts associated with a former wood treatment facility under the RCRA program. Providing strategic support to client and the beneficiaries on project direction and risk management. Impacts include DNAPL contamination, and soil and groundwater contamination, as well as source materials in soils along an actively eroding stream bank. Oversaw the completion of the RCRA facility investigation, ecological and human health risk assessments, and the corrective measures study. Overseeing ongoing predesign investigations for the corrective measures design.

Kerr-McGee Chemical Corp. Superfund Site, Navassa, North Carolina Principal in charge supporting the CERCLA process to characterize and remediate environmental impacts associated with a former wood treatment facility, including DNAPL contamination and contaminated soil, groundwater, and intertidal marsh sediment and sediment porewater. Overseeing the completion of the remedial investigation, and the risk assessments and feasibility studies for multiple operable units addressing soil, groundwater, and marsh sediment impacts from DNAPL and other contaminants at the site. Directing remedial design efforts and oversight of remedy construction activities.

Kerr-McGee Chemical Corp Site, Springfield, Missouri Principal in charge supporting the evaluation under the RCRA program of impacts to groundwater in a shallow karst aquifer underlying a former wood treatment facility. DNAPL and groundwater impacts extent >200 ft below the ground surface and extend offsite along preferential pathways associated with the karst topography. Directed the development of a sampling program to characterize the extent of off-facility impacts and support quantification of risk to human and ecological receptors. Technical lead for evaluating options to optimize the existing remediation system.

Blackwell Zinc Site, Blackwell, Oklahoma Lead engineer for an RI/FS and remedial design for metal-contaminated groundwater at a historical smelter site. Assessed alternatives for eliminating discharge of metals-bearing groundwater to local surface water bodies and for mitigation of metals loading to the city’s wastewater treatment plant resulting from infiltration of contaminated groundwater to the city’s sanitary collection system. Participated on a technical team to identify and evaluate several innovative in situ and ex situ treatment approaches for metals remediation in groundwater. Coordinated with Integral hydrologists in groundwater modeling to design a groundwater extraction system to capture the groundwater plume and lower the groundwater table below leaking sections of the City’s sanitary collection system. Lead engineer in the preparation of design submittals and permitting for the ex situ treatment of site groundwater via a chemical sulfide treatment process. Currently serving as principal in charge for the project and is participating in a team to evaluate the use of alkali injection for in situ treatment of metals in groundwater as a means to reduce costs for long-term site management.

Avtex Fibers Superfund Site, Front Royal, Virginia Managed a feasibility study to evaluate remediation alternatives for waste disposal basins and related groundwater impacts at a former rayon manufacturing facility. The waste disposal basins hold 375,000 yd³of highly basic, gelatinous material and porewaters containing a substantial mass of carbon disulfide and dissolved metals. The physical and chemical properties of the materials are not conducive to use of conventional remediation approaches, and thus require the development of innovative methods. Groundwater impacts occur in fractured shale bedrock, in a plume that is nearly a mile in length and extends to 400 ft below ground surface. Density affects associated with extremely high dissolved salts content of the plume have allowed the plume to migrate beneath and beyond the Shenandoah River, which otherwise acts as a hydraulic groundwater divide. Developed and directed field and laboratory investigations to characterize the nature and extent of contamination in the waste disposal basins and groundwater, assess groundwater and surface water hydraulics, quantify chemical transport and fate, and evaluate potential remedial strategies. From the findings of these investigations, prepared a feasibility study report for the basins and groundwater and is providing ongoing support to the remedial design.

Emergency Response at Bulk Chemical Terminal, New Orleans, Louisiana Managed environmental monitoring and data analyses related to the emergency response and cleanup of a chemical spill caused by flooding of a bulk chemical terminal during Hurricane Isaac. Directed technical analyses of air quality data and supported related regulatory negotiations necessary to rapidly reduce the air monitoring program put in place during the initial emergency response to an appropriate level to ensure the safety of onsite workers and the community. These efforts reduced the full time onsite staff for monitoring from 130 to less than 20 over a period of approximately 10 days, and ultimately the monitoring was approved as limited to the standard facility protocols prior to the spill. Also supported an audit of the analytical laboratory charges for samples collected during the emergency response. Oversaw the preparation of the Risk Evaluation/Corrective Action Program (RECAP) work plan and report supporting clean closure of the site with respect to potential contamination to soils and groundwater resulting from the spill; including strategy development, technical analyses, and regulatory negotiations related to the RECAP process.

Sparrows Point, Baltimore, Maryland Lead hydrogeologist for a RCRA corrective measures study to address hydrocarbon contamination related to past coking activities at a former steel mill. Supported the development of the approach to characterize the site, the construction of groundwater, and chemical fate and transport models to evaluate hydrocarbon discharge to the near-shore environment of Baltimore Harbor. Also supported the risk assessment. Coordinating with the client and teaming partner on remediation strategies to address light and dense, nonaqueous-phase liquid source areas, and to mitigate offsite discharge of dissolved phase contaminants.

Rayonier Mill Site, Port Angeles, Washington Lead engineer for an RI/FS for soils at a former pulp and paper mill. Oversaw field investigations and prepared an RI report describing the nature and extent of contamination at the site, and identified the fate and transport characteristics of probable contaminants of concern.

Port Quendall Site, Renton, Washington Lead engineer for an RI/FS and corrective action plan for a former coal-tar refinery located on the banks of Lake Washington. The site contains extensive onshore and offshore contamination, including the presence of mobile dense nonaqueous-phase liquid. Supported a detailed economic and environmental analysis of remediation and redevelopment options for the site to evaluate opportunities for incorporating elements of the site remediation into the redevelopment plans.

Mining

Gravel Quarry, California Lead engineer for a hydrogeologic investigation to support the permit application process for a proposed gravel quarry for a confidential client in California. The bedrock aquifer system underlying the site includes a narrow, highly conductive fracture zone that supports large pumping flows. Led the development of a groundwater model to assess mine water management requirements; evaluate impacts of quarry dewatering on area groundwater level, local creek flows, and a second-party quarry planned for future development adjacent to Integral’s client’s site; and evaluate the development of a lake in the quarry following the cessation of mining. Led the development of a chemical model to evaluate the quality of extracted mine water and the future lake, with particular focus on naturally occurring arsenic levels in groundwater and the potential for metals release due to oxidation of sulfide minerals in quarry wall rock and benches. Directed a laboratory bench-scale treatability study to remove metals from groundwater extracted during active quarry operations and from future lake water.

Lead Smelters in Herculaneum, Missouri, and La Oroya, Peru Evaluated the use of phosphate amendments to stabilize lead in soils impacted by stack emissions at two smelter sites. Completed laboratory testing that demonstrated the potential effectiveness of the amendments at reducing soil-lead bioavailability and mobility. Provided technical support to evaluate the feasibility of full-scale application of phosphate treatment to reduce risks associated with lead in soils.

Crow Wing County Landfill, Minnesota Provided technical support to the evaluation of treatment alternatives to remove trace metals (primarily arsenic) and ammonia from the landfill leachate. Performed geochemical modeling and directed a laboratory treatability study to demonstrate treatment effectiveness and to quantify full-scale design parameters (e.g., chemical dosages, pH).

Phosphoric Acid Facility, Lawrence, Kansas Provided technical oversight for the proposed in situ chemical injection of calcium peroxide to treat arsenic in a shallow groundwater system. Provided expertise regarding chemical and physical factors affecting the feasibility of the proposed remediation strategy and, in particular, the influence of highly elevated concentrations of phosphate in the groundwater system.

Trail Zinc Smelter, Trail, British Columbia Evaluated the potential in situ application of chemical amendments as a means of reducing human health exposure to lead, arsenic, and cadmium in soils affected by stack fallout, by reducing the metal bioaccessibility. Implemented a field pilot study to investigate chemical amendments shown to be effective in bench-scale laboratory studies.

International Lead Zinc Research Organization Prepared a comprehensive review of in situ remediation technologies for treatment of lead, zinc, and cadmium in soils. This review establishes the status of such technologies as solidification/stabilization, fixation, vitrification, electrokinetics, and phytoremediation. The findings of this review were published in the summer of 2004.

Mine Sites in Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, South Dakota, Washington, and Indonesia Assisted in the development and implementation of a probabilistic water quality model to assess the chemistry of future open mine pit lakes for numerous mining sites. Collected environmental data to characterize sulfide mineral oxidation, acid rock drainage, groundwater quality, surface-water runoff quality, and pit-lake limnology at numerous mine sites. Investigated metals contamination and remediation strategies for various mine facilities, including waste rock stockpiles, tailings impoundments, and mine adits.

Open Pit Mine, Nevada Incorporated engineering and geochemical principles to predict the water quality in a proposed mine tailings processing and waste disposal facility for a large mining client. Identified the constituents that are likely to exceed permitted discharge requirements under a variety of processing scenarios.

Battle Mountain, Nevada Directed the development of a probabilistic numerical model to predict the water quality of drainage from a proposed mine adit designed to drain groundwater and surface-water runoff from two open-pit mines. The model incorporated the effects of sulfide mineral oxidation and subsequent acid rock drainage, groundwater quality, runoff quality, storm events, and seepage of acid rock drainage from overlying waste-rock facilities.

Rico, Colorado Used the geochemical modeling program MINTEQA2 to assess the feasibility of mixing iron-rich geothermal groundwater with an acid rock drainage stream as a passive treatment process to remove dissolved zinc from the drainage stream. The model was used to predict the mass of hydrous ferric hydroxide that would precipitate when the two waters mixed and the amount of dissolved zinc that would adsorb to the iron precipitate and be removed from the water column.

National Mining Association Conducted geochemical modeling for the National Mining Association to evaluate the appropriateness of the proposed use of the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure to measure toxicity of mineral processing wastes under the Supplemental Phase IV Land Disposal Restrictions rule.

Site Investigation

Confidential Site, Baltimore, Maryland In support of the defense of a lawsuit filed against a client, evaluated the influences of groundwater extraction at a shipyard’s graving dock facility on the fate and transport of groundwater contamination at an adjacent industrial site. Compiled relevant information and data for the site to support the development of a conceptual site model and, ultimately, an expert report. The project was terminated due to client filing for bankruptcy.

Paper Printing Facility, Wilmington, North Carolina Evaluated the transport and fate of hydrocarbons and solvents in groundwater. Designed and implemented a corrective action plan for enhanced natural attenuation of the organic compounds in groundwater through the direct subsurface injection of Oxygen Release Compound®, resulting in more than $1 million in savings relative to previously identified alternatives.

Pesticide Facility, Ennis, Texas Evaluated the feasibility of chemical oxidation, reductive dehalogenation, and bioremediation technologies for the remediation of soils contaminated with toxaphene and DDT. Designed a pilot-scale demonstration of bioremediation of the soils through anaerobic composting.

Morgan Door Site, Weed, California Lead engineer for a remediation alternatives analysis for contaminated soils and groundwater at a former wood treatment facility. Historical releases of pentachlorophenol in a hydrocarbon-based carrier solution have resulted in the presence of light, nonaqueous-phase liquid on the water table beneath much of the site. Evaluated interim remedial action alternatives for eliminating surface seeps and the discharge of contaminated groundwater to a stormwater drainage system and potential final remedial alternatives on the basis of effectiveness, cost, and future land use.

Former DDT Manufacturing Facility, Portland, Oregon Supported an evaluation of remediation alternatives for soils and groundwater affected by DDT and monochlorobenzene. Developed a groundwater model to describe contaminant fate and transport and to evaluate the feasibility of groundwater extraction and treatment alternatives.

Confidential Site, Portland, Oregon Led the development of a groundwater model to evaluate the potential impacts of municipal water supply pumping on the migration of chlorinated solvents in groundwater underlying the site. The area is underlain by a thick sequence of cemented sand and gravel deposits with numerous clay lenses, including two fairly contiguous clay confining units that separate shallow groundwater from the deeper aquifer system. Seven municipal supply wells operate in the area, strongly influencing groundwater flow patterns. The groundwater model was used to demonstrate that potentially impacted groundwater to the immediate north of the site was captured by the municipal wells.

Strategic and Economic Analyses Provided strategic and economic analyses to support a large industrial-sector client in the management of several contaminated sites. These efforts included evaluation of nature and extent environmental impacts, identification of appropriate remediation technologies in light of future site management strategy and regulatory requirements, and costing of remediation alternatives to support economic and decision analyses.

Pesticide Formulation Facility, Jacksonville, Florida Developed a conceptual site model to describe the transport and fate of the pesticide BHC in groundwater. Provided technical and engineering support in the development of a feasibility study to evaluate remedial alternatives for the site.

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Todd Martin, P.E.

Education & Credentials

Continuing Education

Todd Martin, P.E.

Related Resources

Relevant Experience

Contaminated Sediments

Uplands and Groundwater Remediation

Mining

Site Investigation

Todd Martin, P.E.

Education & Credentials

Continuing Education

Todd Martin, P.E.

Related Resources

The Conceptual Site Model: Webinar

Video

Innovative Optical Methods for Characterization of Chemical Dynamics

Poster

Strategic Remedial Investigation in a Tidal Embayment

Case Study

Springfield—Remedial Approach Development at a DNAPL Site

Case Study

Meridian—Development of a CSM and Corrective Measures Study at a Former Wood Treatment Facility

Case Study

Navassa—Site Investigation and DNAPL Remediation at a Former Wood Treating Facility

Case Study

Columbus—Site Investigation and Multimedia Remediation

Case Study

Strategic Planning at a Former Wood Treating Site

Case Study

Complex Remedial Design in a River Estuary

Case Study

Blackwell Zinc Site – Groundwater Remediation

Case Study

Berry's Creek Study Area RI/FS: New Jersey

Case Study

Relevant Experience

Contaminated Sediments

Uplands and Groundwater Remediation

Mining

Site Investigation