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Kristian Fried, Ph.D., Dr. rer. nat., DABT, ERT

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Kristian Fried, Ph.D., Dr. rer. nat., DABT, ERT
Senior Consultant

Kristian Fried, Ph.D., Dr. rer. nat., DABT, ERT

Senior Consultant (207) 387-5421 Portland, ME kfried@integral-corp.com

Dr. Kristian Fried holds doctoral degrees in both chemistry and toxicology. He is certified by the American Board of Toxicology and by the European Register of Toxicologists. Dr. Fried has more than 15 years of hands-on work experience in the chemical and consumer product safety and stewardship sectors and is an appointed Adjunct Assistant Professor at Rutgers University where he teaches human risk assessment.

Dr. Fried’s passion for applying insights from chemistry to toxicology began during his academic training, which he pursued across multiple geographies. Lessons from the first-time synthesis of a novel dioxin analogue and its characterization, including steric modeling, motivated him to study biological effects from receptor binding to in vitro responses and culminated in the identification of potential therapeutic applications based on nonclinical models.

In his ensuing industry career, Dr. Fried devoted his expertise to human health sciences, environmental toxicology and fate, as well as applied regulatory toxicology. His professional practice extends from patient safety and the investigation of down-the-drain fate and environmental effects of drugs to the safety of oral care products as well as other consumer goods such as cleaning products, cosmetics, flavors, and fragrances. Furthermore, Dr. Fried has assessed and advised on occupational safety regarding workplace exposures in the chemical and petrochemical sectors and the mining industry.

His leadership roles in corporate toxicology honed Dr. Fried’s strong analytical and strategy skills, which he also applied in the management of consortia work regarding scientific fundamentals as well as ingredient defenses. He has firsthand expertise with the European Chemicals Agency, the European Commission’s Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety, FDA, EPA, and California’s Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment.

Dr. Fried currently leads Integral’s Product Stewardship and Liability group, where he serves as principal in charge, project manager, or senior technical reviewer for various projects serving consumer products consortia and industry clients.

Micro- and Nanoplastics in Sediment: Considerations for Risk Assessment

Poster

January 30 2025

Building a Safe Energy Future: Proactive Product Stewardship for Battery Storage

Resource

September 06 2024

Microplastics in our Meals: A Scientific Perspective

Resource

August 01 2024

Navigating the Microplastics and Nanoplastics (MNPs) Challenge with a Product Stewardship Framework

Poster

July 16 2024

The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) has released the final supplemental guidance for its Chronic Hazard Guidelines.

Press Release

April 25 2024

Demystifying PFAS Reporting: Navigating EPA’s TSCA Section 8(a)(7) Requirements

Resource

January 29 2024

FDA Requests Information on Food Contact Uses of Fluorinated Polyethylene

Press Release

August 12 2022

New PFAS Rules Take Effect in Florida

Press Release

July 07 2022

Erin Palko Presents on Environmental Issues Related to the Spill Act at CCNJ Conference

Press Release

October 21 2021

Demonstrating the protective effect of a 70-year-old occupational exposure limit against pneumoconiosis caused by mica

White Paper

October 21 2021

The European Chemicals Agency Develops Comprehensive Toxicokinetics Database

White Paper

September 23 2021

Safe Exposure Limits for Mica: Paul DeLeo and Kristian Fried to Present Study Results at SOT Meeting

Press Release

March 11 2021

Work Practice Simulation and Exposure Modeling for VOCs in Industrial Insulation

Case Study

November 19 2024

Occupational Risk Assessment and Exposure Mitigation for Laser Device Emissions

Case Study

November 19 2024

Developing a Screening Environmental Assessment Framework for Fragrances

Case Study

June 17 2024

Product Vulnerability and Business Risks of Consumer Product

Case Study

June 14 2024

Sunscreen Safety Requirements

Case Study

June 14 2024

Environmental Risk Assessment for a New Drug Application of a Novel Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient

Case Study

June 14 2024

Peer-Reviewed Scientific Rigor for Setting Occupational Exposure Standards

Case Study

June 14 2024

Regulatory Toxicology Evaluations for PFAS

Case Study

January 05 2023

Cosmetics Environmental Risk Assessment

Case Study

May 10 2019

Commercializing a New Chemical

Case Study

May 10 2019

Product Stewardship

Regulatory Safety for Ultraviolet Filters in Sunscreens under FDA, Washington, DC Leading consortia support team regarding FDA requirements for existing sunscreen active ingredients. Overseeing new formulation development, literature review and in silico and in vitro determination of metabolism, and in vitro dermal permeation tests. Activities include reviewing existing clinical safety data and identifying new testing needs, as well as supporting nonclinical work team for FDA submission.
Evaluation of Emerging Ingredient Vulnerabilities for Consumer Products, Confidential Location Reviewed key ingredient groups for four risk factors:  human and environmental safety endpoints of interest, current regulatory activities, current business climate among customers and competitors, and reputational vulnerability due to negative attention from opinion leaders, activists, academics, and consumers. Developed recommendations and strategies for ingredient defenses.
Development of Product Stewardship Guidance Regarding Laser-Generated Airborne Contaminants, Confidential Location Performed an assessment and toxicological evaluation of emissions from at-home laser devices. Reviewed material-specific emissions data regarding consumer health. Developed safety guideline based on modeled concentrations in indoor air.
Product Stewardship Guidance for Regulatory Compliance, Confidential Location Advising an internationally operating manufacturer on compliance strategies with applicable European and U.S. regulations and potential applications for corporate sustainability goals.
Human Safety Assessments for Consumer Products Ingredients, Confidential Location Leading a team of risk assessors in drafting comprehensive safety reviews for raw materials. Efforts include the identification of suitable read-across compounds, compilation of hazard data, identification of key endpoints and key studies, dose–response assessments as well as consumer exposure calculations and the determination of margins of safety.
Independent Scientific Review of Safety Assessments, Confidential Location Determining scientific comprehensiveness and logic, toxicological soundness and adequacy, as well as factual correctness and supportability of third-party safety assessments. Supporting client compliance with internal quality standards and, subsequently, global regulatory compliance.
Environmental Safety Screening of Consumer Products Ingredients, Confidential Location Grouped raw materials into structurally similar chemical categories for efficient screening of toxicological properties. The key physical-chemical properties identified were used to assess biodegradation and aquatic toxicity.
Identification and Justification of Read-across to Address Gaps in Toxicological Data Sets, Confidential Location Determining key moieties in parent compounds and identifying structural analogs to expand the supporting toxicological database. Deriving probable metabolic pathways and resulting products to support the read-across justification. Anchoring toxicological data of surrogates to specific endpoints of the parent compound for confirmation of validity.  
Comments on Human Health Hazards for Two Chemicals Assessed by USEPA in Accordance with the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act, Washington, DC Provided scientific reviews to a client seeking to submit comments to EPA’s draft risk evaluations of two halogenated chemicals. Proposed comments for consideration by the Science Advisory Committee on Chemicals.

Health And Safety

Safety Monitoring after a Commercial Lithium Battery Fire, New York During a post-emergency response, developed sampling plan and testing strategy including identification of key analytes relevant for human health and subsequent assessment of drinking water and soil samples.
Leader of the Oral Care Global Product Safety Group for a Large Consumer Goods Company, U.S./Global Supported all globally developed oral care products and devices in the therapeutic and cosmetic sectors as well as professional dental and oral health applications. Developed and implemented strategies for submission to FDA (pre-investigational new drug, investigational new drug, and medical device applications) and European authorities. Worked with client consumer affairs and corporate communications to develop responses to media inquiries for product or ingredient safety issues. Served on crisis management teams, advised the pharmacovigilance group on assessments of safety relevant to the post-marketing surveillance of adverse events, and worked closely with corporate legal counsel to provide support on safety labeling, claims, and product liability.
Leader of the Home Care, Flavors and Fragrances Global Product Safety Group for a Large Consumer Goods Company U.S./Global Supported global research and development teams across a multitude of product types and product forms including laundry detergents and fabric conditioners, surface cleaners, dish detergents and industrial/commercial cleaning products, and degreasing agents. Worked with client consumer affairs, corporate communications, and global legal to develop responses to product or ingredient safety issues.
Consortium Toxicology Lead Regarding the European Commission’s Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) Opinion on Water-Soluble Zinc Salts Used in Oral Hygiene Products, Brussels, Belgium Developed submission strategy and coauthored age-specific safety assessments, including exposure assessments, according to the SCCS Notes of Guidance for the Testing of Cosmetic Ingredients and Their Safety Evaluation, and customization thereof for pediatric uses.
Consortium Toxicology Team Member and Later Lead Regarding the European Commission’s SCCS Review of a Biocide, Brussels, Belgium Codeveloped scientific defense and coauthored safety assessments, including a deterministic exposure assessment, according to the SCCS Notes of Guidance for the Testing of Cosmetic Ingredients and Their Safety Evaluation, and a probabilistic exposure assessment based on market data.
Corporate Toxicology Assessor for California’s Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 (Proposition 65), California Conducted literature-based as well as experimental exposure assessments to determine consumers’ exposure to chemicals Listed or with the Intent to List on Prop 65. Derived safe harbor levels if not published, and identified potential labeling requirements or absence thereof.
Response to a Notice of Intended Change of a Threshold Limit Value, Time-Weighted Average by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH®), Cincinnati, Ohio Collaborated with consortium leadership and drafted a response to proposed changes of the safe occupational exposure level of a respirable mineral. Provided a comprehensive scientific review of the referenced literature and other, publicly available information to consortium members for submission to ACGIH.
Automotive Specialty Additives Safety, Detroit, Michigan Reviewed adverse events from occupational exposures and provided guidance on usage habits, personal protective equipment, and safer alternatives.

Pharmaceutical Risk and Toxicology

Environmental Safety Justification, FDA, Washington, DC Performed quantitative evaluation of potential environmental risks for a new drug application. Identified different read-across compounds based on the new drug’s novel mode of action. Discussed identified safety thresholds and potential for combined effects as well as expected environmental concentrations with FDA.
Environmental Risk Evaluation, Swiss Agency for Therapeutic Products, Bern, Switzerland Provided quantitative determination of aquatic risks from increased market volumes of a drug product. Compared highest projected discharges from use to predicted no-effect concentrations in the context of fate and occurrence in Swiss waterways.
Pharmaceutical Safety Dossiers for Pre-investigational New Drug, Investigational New Drug, and New Drug Application Submissions to FDA, Washington, DC Leading the compilation of existing nonclinical and clinical safety data into dossier format for novel anticaries and antiperiodontitis agents.
Safety Dossier for a 510(k) Medical Device Submission to FDA, Washington, DC Prepared a safety dossier for consideration of biocompatibility testing under the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Standard 10993-1, irritation and sensitization testing under ISO 10993-10, and cytotoxicity testing under ISO 10993-5.
Safety Dossiers on Fluoride for Regulatory Submissions to Drug and Medicine Agencies, U.S., Europe, and Latin America, Global Prepared safety dossiers in support of the safe use of high-fluoride dentifrices for children and adults in prescription and over-the-counter applications.
Safety Certification for Extractables and Leachables in a European Drug Manufacturing Process, Basel, Switzerland Reviewed analytical data and assessed detected contaminants on the basis of hazards, dose response, and patient exposure.
Assessment of Allowable Carryover Contamination with Pharmaceuticals in Batch Manufacturing for Submission to the European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, Netherlands Applied the principles of the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) M7 guideline to calculate compound-specific acceptable intakes. ICH M7 outlines the assessment and control of DNA reactive (mutagenic) impurities in pharmaceuticals to limit potential carcinogenic risk.
Development of a Drug Lead, Munich, Germany; Kansas City, Kansas, U.S.; Nottingham, U.K. Collaborated internationally on the development of a novel pharmaceutical based on a known pharmacophore. Conducted research visits at academic and government facilities in the U.S., U.K., and Germany.
Binding Studies on Pharmaceutical Target Receptors, Munich, Germany; Nottingham, U.K. Developed and implemented in silico and in vitro study strategies to assess binding affinity and efficacy of a novel pharmaceutical to a molecular target.
Nonclinical Safety and Efficacy Studies, Kansas City, Kansas Translated molecular mechanisms of action into biological effects in three different animal models by identifying and quantifying two hematological biomarkers.
Assessment of the Safety of Fluoride in Drinking Water, Kenya Provided safety support for a nonprofit nongovernmental organization regarding elevated fluoride levels in newly drilled drinking water wells in Kenya.

Fate and Transport

Biodegradation of Petrochemicals, U.S. and U.K. Project chair and technical leader to develop guideline-compliant modified biodegradation protocols, accounting for the unique physical-chemical properties of test materials.
Environmental Mobility of Water Soluble Polymers, Confidential Location Reviewed existing scientific literature regarding the migration of this class of polymers between environmental compartments including wastewater and assessment of in silico models and test methods to predict real-world environmental behavior.

PFAS

Regulatory Toxicology Evaluations for PFAS, U.S. Examined the scientific basis of proposed rulemakings for a variety of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) at the state and federal levels, as well as internationally, and assessed the extent to which they are founded on sound scientific principles.
Geospatial PFAS Presence and Chemistry Assessment, Confidential Location Conducted location-based reviews for potential PFAS contamination based on past land use, including identification of expected congeners.
Forensics PFAS Chemistry, Confidential Location Reviewed PFAS congener distributions in groundwater and assessed the plausibility of links to parent compounds potentially deposited in a historical industrial landfill.
Chemistry of PFAS Food Contact Substances, Confidential Location Evaluated environmentally occurring compounds regarding historical use in food contact paper packaging applications that had been authorized under the FDA’s Food Contact Notification process.
PFAS in Chemical Manufacturing, Confidential Location Reviewed historical industrial chemical production processes for potential uses or preparation of PFAS.
PFAS Resin Stability Assessment, Confidential Location Assessed the potential for a PFAS resin to release environmentally relevant degradation products under landfill conditions.
Monitoring of Regionally Relevant PFAS Communications, California, Pennsylvania, New Jersey Attended town hall meetings and followed locally relevant podcasts with emphasis on toxico-chemical discussions and risk communication regarding PFAS.
Integral’s Monthly PFAS Updates, Portland, Maine Leads team of scientists conducting continuous literature reviews and summarizing scientific publications regarding PFAS occurrences, fate and transport, remediation and treatment, and toxicology, as well as environmental and human safety.  The subscription-based newsletter also includes updates regarding PFAS policy decisions and current developments in the global regulatory landscape.

Litigation Support

Personal Injury Litigation Support Regarding Pesticides, Minnesota Authored expert report regarding toxicokinetics; exposure time and onset of alleged adverse health effects; toxicological hazards and risks; as well as ingredient properties.
Air Emissions from Wood-Based Combustion Processes, Texas Authored declarations and expert report regarding modeled emission concentrations at a facility’s fence line, characterized the risk and importance of time and toxicokinetics, and assessed individual emission components including, but not limited to, hazardous air pollutants, volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter. Commented on other expert reports.
Litigation Support Regarding PCBs, Multiple Locations U.S. Providing technical support for biomonitoring data analysis, performing human health risk assessments, and providing toxicological guidance to counsel for multiple litigation projects related to PCBs in the environment. Primary focus of the human health risk assessments is exposure to PCBs in ambient air, surface water, and sediment and from consumption of seafood. This project is ongoing.

Fried, K.W., and P.C. DeLeo. 2022. Demonstrating the protective effect of a 70-year-old occupational exposure limit against pneumoconiosis caused by mica. Toxicol. Indust. Health 38(2):63–69. doi: 10.1177/07482337211062281. Epub 2022 Mar 1. PMID: 35230205; PMCID: PMC8899805.

Fried, K.W., G. Guo, N. Esterly, B. Kong, and K.K. Rozman. 2010. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) reverses hyperglycemia in a type II diabetes mellitus rat model by a mechanism unrelated to PPARγ. Drug and Chemical Toxicology 33(3):261–268.

Fried, K.W., and K.K. Rozman. 2008. Persistent polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. In: Toxicology and Risk Assessment—A Comprehensive Introduction. H. Greim and R. Snyder (eds). John Wiley & Sons Ltd., UK. ISBN: 9780470868935; online ISBN: 9780470868959.

Fried, K.W., R. Bazzi, W. Levy Lopez, C. Corsten, K.-W. Schramm, D.R. Bell, and K.K. Rozman. 2007. Relationship between aryl hydrocarbon receptor-affinity and the induction of EROD activity by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorinated phenothiazine and derivatives. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 224:147–155.

Fried, K.W., C.M. Schneider, K.-W. Schramm, A. Datta, N. Chahbane, C. Corsten, D.R. Powell, D. Lenoir, A. Kettrup, P. Terranova, G.I. Georg, and K.K. Rozman. 2007. From dioxin to drug lead—the development of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorophenothiazine. ChemMedChem 2:890–897.

Fried, K.W., and D. Lenoir. 2004. EPA-Umweltdatenbank nicht nur für Amerikaner. Angew. Chem. 116:2649–2650. EPA environmental science database: Not only for Americans. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 43:2597-2598.

Geyer, H.J., K.-W. Schramm, P.O. Darnerud, M. Aune, E.A. Feicht, K.W. Fried, B. Henkelmann, D. Lenoir, P. Schmid, and T.A. McDonald. 2004. Terminal elimination half-lives of the brominated flame retardants TBBPA, HBCD, and lower brominated PBDEs in humans. Organohalogen Comp. 66:3867–3872.

Saghir, S.A., K.W. Fried, K.K. Rozman. 2001. Kinetics of monochloroacetic acid in adult male rats after intravenous injection of a subtoxic and a toxic dose. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 296:617–627.

Fried, K.W., and P. DeLeo. 2021. Preventing pneumoconiosis: Review of a safe level for lifetime occupational inhalation exposure to mica. Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, Toxicologist 2348:155.

Fried, K.W., M.C. Fortin, L.M. Aleksunes, M. Capdevielle, and D.M. Bagley. 2018. Advancing toxicology education in consumer products safety and sustainability through a corporate partnership. Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, Toxicologist 2945:470.

Mead, C., N. Clarke, K.W. Fried, and P. Gurba. 2010. Application of different dispersion techniques to regulatory biodegradability tests. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Europe 20th Annual Meeting, Seville, Spain. May 23–27.

Fried, K.W., W. Levy Lopez, C. Corsten, K.W. Schramm, and K.K. Rozman. 2007. Induction of EROD activity in vitro by 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorinated N-methyl and sulfoxo phenothiazines. Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, Toxicologist 835:172.

Rozman, K.K., and K.W. Fried. 2007. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) reverses hyperglycemia in a type II diabetes rat model. Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, Toxicologist 837:173.

Fried, K.W., and K.K. Rozman. 2006. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorophenothiazine (TCPT) lowers serum IGF 1 levels in analogy to 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). International Society for the Study of Xenobiotics, North American Meeting, Drug Metab. Rev. 38(Suppl. 2):86.

Fried, K.W., R.M. Bazzi, D.R. Bell, and K.K. Rozman. 2006. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorophenothiazine: A potent aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand. Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, Toxicologist 20:98.

Fried, K.W., K.-W. Schramm, A. Kettrup, G.I. Georg, P.F. Terranova, and K.K. Rozman. 2005. From dioxins to drugs. Platform presentation. Society of Toxicology–Central States Chapter Meeting, Ames, IA. September 30.

Fried, K.W., G.I. Georg, P.F. Terranova, and K.K. Rozman. 2005. Development of a new dioxin-analogue: 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorophenothiazine. Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, Toxicologist 84:2048.

Fried, K.W., N. Chahbane, C. Corsten, K.-W. Schramm, A. Kettrup, K.K. Rozman. 2005. Induction of EROD-activity in vitro by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorophenothiazine. Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, Toxicologist 84:2050.

Fried, K.W., X. Gao, B.K. Petroff, K.-W. Schramm, P.F. Terranova, and K.K. Rozman. 2002. Effect of chlorinated phenothiazines on ovulation in rats. Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, Toxicologist 66:835.

Croutch, C.R., M. Lebofsky, A. DeZoysa, D.S. Son, K.W. Fried, and K.K. Rozman. 2002. Time-dependence of TCDD- and HxCDD-induced CYP 1A1 expression as measured by EROD activity, Western and Northern blots. Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, Toxicologist 66:825.

Fried, K.W., S.A. Saghir, and K.K. Rozman. 1999. Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of monochloroacetic acid (MCA) in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, Toxicologist 48:969.

Stewardship for Product Packaging – Address Vulnerabilities and Stay in Compliance. The Household and Commercial Products Association (HCPA) IMPACT2021 Mid-Year Meeting. May 27, 2021.

Grundlagen der Toxikologie für Chemiker [Fundamentals of Toxicology for Chemists]. Hochschule Fresenius, University of Applied Sciences. Idstein, Germany. November 7, 2014.

Toxikologie für Chemiker—Hintergründe und Beispiele [Toxicology for Chemists—Introduction and Case Studies]. Hochschule Fresenius, University of Applied Sciences. Idstein, Germany. October 14, 2013.

Toxikologische Hintergründe von Chemikalienverordnungen [Toxicological History of Laws on Chemical Substances]. Hochschule Fresenius, University of Applied Sciences. Idstein, Germany. October 9, 2012.

Developing the dioxin analogue 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorophenothiazine. Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Germany. August 16, 2006.

Adjunct Assistant Professor, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute—Toxicology

Instructor for the 2019 Rutgers boot camp course “Human Health Risk Assessment”

Cocreator and instructor for the 2017 Rutgers course “Consumer Products Safety & Sustainability”

Serves on Integral Charitable Foundation’s Scholarship Committee, which strives to support pioneering research and provide opportunities for underserved students. The Integral Charitable Foundation is an independent 501(c)3 nonprofit organization promoting opportunities and diversity in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education through both funding and opportunities for mentorship and guidance in collaboration with university partners.

Cosmetics Europe

  • Lead Toxicologist for Expert Team Oral Care on Ingredient Support
  • Steering Committee Member in the Consortium for Titanium Dioxide
  • Member, Expert Team-Perfumes

Consumer Healthcare Products Association

  • Proposition 65 Committee

Personal Care Products Council

  • Green Chemistry Task Force

American Cleaning Institute

  • Research, Technology and Regulation Committee
  • Toxic Substances Control Act Task Force
  • Unit Dose Technical Work Group

Consumer Specialty Products Association (now The Household and Commercial Products Association)

  • Scientific Affairs Committee
  • Proposition 65 Task Force

International Fragrance Association

  • Joint Advisory Group
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