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Susan B. Welt, MPH, P.E.

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Susan B. Welt, MPH, P.E.
Principal, Engineering

Susan B. Welt, MPH, P.E.

Principal, Engineering (207) 800-3814 Boston, MA swelt@integral-corp.com

Ms. Susan Welt is a Registered Professional Engineer with more than 20 years of experience in environmental consulting and regulatory work.  She is a recognized expert in the field of subsurface vapor intrusion (VI) to indoor air having evaluated and mitigated the VI pathway at hundreds of major industrial and residential sites.  Ms. Welt is also an experienced manager of soil, groundwater, and sediment investigation and remediation projects at industrial sites, former manufactured gas plants (MGP), and U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) sites across the country.

Ms. Welt has extensive experience in design engineering, stakeholder negotiations, and management of complex environmental projects.  She has participated in the dispute resolution process to ensure that responsible parties implement the appropriate measures to reduce exposures from the soil vapor intrusion pathway and impacted groundwater. She has developed and implemented many forums for discussing the status and rationale for environmental work and the associated human health and environmental risks.

She served as a VI expert with the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH), is a former member of the Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC) VI team assisting with the development of its ITRC VI guidance document, and has been an invited speaker on VI topics.  Her MGP experience is broad and includes investigation, evaluation, engineering design, remedial oversight, and site management at many different sites.  She has researched various remedial measures to address residual MGP impacts, including development of risk-based remedial goals that incorporate bioavailability for MGP-impacted sediments.

Ms. Welt has authored numerous papers and given presentations on a variety of topics, including community relations; VI sampling, assessment, and mitigation techniques; risk‑based management of contaminated sediments; treatment of groundwater; in situ remedial methods for contaminated sediments and soils; health and safety; and building systems. She is also a Fellow of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Environmental Public Health Leadership Institute.

Understanding PFAS Volatility and Potential Impact on Indoor Air Quality

Resource

March 21 2024

The Conceptual Site Model: Webinar

Video

February 01 2024

Addressing Vapor Intrusion: Webinar

Video

December 06 2023

Addressing the Vapor Intrusion Pathway at Middlefield‐Ellis‐Whisman Superfund Study Area

Case Study

October 11 2023

Engineering

PFAS Investigation, Plattsburgh, New York Working with the responsible party, EPA and New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC), serves as engineer of record for the delineation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil, sediment, surface water, and groundwater, which are used in assessing risk to human and ecological receptors.
Pharmaceutical and PFAS Investigation, Syracuse, New York Serves as engineer of record for the delineation of pharmaceutical-related compounds and PFAS in soil, sediment, surface water, and groundwater to support evaluating risk to human and ecological receptors and development of a property in the New York State Brownfield Cleanup Program (BCP).  Also responsible for the remedial activities being conducted on other portions of the property that are not part of the BCP.
VI Mitigation System, Bethpage, New York Serving as engineer of record, prepared venting design drawings and specifications for soil vapor extraction (SVE) systems installed in monitoring wells to address the potential for chlorinated solvents to impact the indoor air quality of two commercial buildings adjacent to the edge of a groundwater plume impacted by chlorinated solvents.  With NYSDEC approval, oversaw the soil vapor assessment activities, which included using high volume sampling, to delineate the nature and extent of potential areas of concern for VI into these buildings.  After reviewing the data obtained, worked with the client and property owner to proactively mitigate the potential for VI into the buildings from outside the buildings.  Intrusive activities (e.g., installation of holes through the floors) were not conducted in the buildings to meet the property owner’s requests and holy nature of the buildings.  Also developed and overseeing implementation of the operation, maintenance, and monitoring (OMM) program—and approach to demonstrate the potential for VI does not exist at these two buildings and thus operation of the SVE systems is not needed—for the SVE systems to be operated until the source that is posing a VI concern is removed; this includes an annual indoor air monitoring program to confirm the SVE system is reducing the potential for VI into the occupied buildings.
Strategic Planning and Site Closure, Gowanda, New York Serves as engineer of record for a hazardous waste landfill from the NYSDEC state Superfund program.  Works with the client and its representatives to negotiate the order on consent (and amendments), develop and implement the site management plan, construct an erosion control measure, and conduct OMM activities, and annual reporting.
Leachate Management, Gowanda, New York Serves as engineer of record for a solid waste landfill that will use engineered phytoremediation (TreeWell® system) to manage leachate and transfer the landfill’s OMM requirements from post-closure care to custodial care.
Site Characterization and Interim Remedial Measures, Brooklyn, New York Served as engineer of record for the site characterization and development and implementation of interim remedial measures (IRMs) to address the metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) detected in soil, soil vapor, and groundwater, and support development of the property in accordance with a NYSDEC order on consent.  The IRMs include a soil cover system, soil vapor remediation system using SVE to address the VOCs detected in soil vapor and groundwater and mitigate the potential for VI into the onsite building and adjacent properties, an environmental easement, and a site management plan.
Waste Water Treatment System, Selkirk, New York As engineer of record, oversaw design of modifying a wastewater treatment facility (WWTF).  To improve system efficiency, worked with the client to modify the current system to include recirculation methods and automation controlling the water that enters the WWTF and discharges to a river under a State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (SPDES) permit.  Also oversaw modifications to the treatment chain, including pilot studies to select the appropriate ion exchange material, to address the elevated levels of zinc detected in the effluent.
VI Mitigation System, Camillus, New York As engineer of record, prepared venting design drawings and specifications, and oversaw inspections and vacuum testing services for a Cupolex™-aerated floor system to be installed during redevelopment of the Camillus Mills building.
Permit Modification, Plattsburgh, New York As engineer of record, oversaw development of a modification permit application associated with incorporating the ability to manufacture a new series of parts and products at an active manufacturing facility.  As part of this process, worked with the client to prepare a response to comments letter which included, but was not limited to, process flow diagrams and air emission models.
Certification of Visible Emission Compliance, New York, New York As engineer of record, reviewed results and documentation of opacity (visible emission) testing conducted on five emergency generators installed at five different facilities located in New York.  Under this role, certified that the air emissions met the applicable emission regulations stipulated by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection.
Air Permit, West Seneca, New York As engineer of record, reviewed emission calculations and supported development of and certified the state facility air permit application for a new facility being constructed in New York.

Vapor Intrusion

VI Mitigation System, Bethpage, New York Serving as engineer of record, prepared venting design drawings and specifications for soil vapor extraction (SVE) systems installed in monitoring wells to address the potential for chlorinated solvents to impact the indoor air quality of two commercial buildings adjacent to the edge of a groundwater plume impacted by chlorinated solvents.  With NYSDEC approval, oversaw the soil vapor assessment activities, which included using high volume sampling, to delineate the nature and extent of potential areas of concern for VI into these buildings.  After reviewing the data obtained, worked with the client and property owner to proactively mitigate the potential for VI into the buildings from outside the buildings.  Intrusive activities (e.g., installation of holes through the floors) were not conducted in the buildings to meet the property owner’s requests and holy nature of the buildings.  Also developed and overseeing implementation of the operation, maintenance, and monitoring (OMM) program—and approach to demonstrate the potential for VI does not exist at these two buildings and thus operation of the SVE systems is not needed—for the SVE systems to be operated until the source that is posing a VI concern is removed; this includes an annual indoor air monitoring program to confirm the SVE system is reducing the potential for VI into the occupied buildings.
Site Characterization and Interim Remedial Measures, Brooklyn, New York Served as engineer of record for the site characterization and development and implementation of interim remedial measures (IRMs) to address the metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) detected in soil, soil vapor, and groundwater, and support development of the property in accordance with a NYSDEC order on consent.  The IRMs include a soil cover system, soil vapor remediation system using SVE to address the VOCs detected in soil vapor and groundwater and mitigate the potential for VI into the onsite building and adjacent properties, an environmental easement, and a site management plan.
VI Mitigation System, Camillus, New York As engineer of record, prepared venting design drawings and specifications, and oversaw inspections and vacuum testing services for a Cupolex™-aerated floor system to be installed during redevelopment of the Camillus Mills building.
VI Evaluation and Mitigation, MEW Superfund Site, Mountain View, California Serves as the technical director overseeing the assessment and mitigation, if needed, of the potential for VI to impact the indoor air of commercial and residential properties overlying a groundwater plume impacted by chlorinated solvents.  Develops building-specific sampling plans and sampling events, and VI control system designs; evaluates and reports on the data obtained to EPA; participates in stakeholder meetings; develops community relations materials; and reviews all documents associated with the VI evaluations conducted by others.  In addition, reviews and develops appropriate mitigation measures to prevent VI into the buildings.  As technical director, also prepares and submits the monthly and annual progress reports, and works with the potentially responsible parties and associated consultants to develop a remedial strategy that is protective of public health, in the current and future building residential and commercial scenarios, and the environment.
VI Evaluation and Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Served as the project manager and technical expert for an assessment of the potential for VI to impact the indoor air of current buildings and future construction on an industrial site where fractured bedrock and nonaqueous-phase liquid (NAPL) underlying the buildings is present.  Evaluated the potential and associated health risks with exposure to all impacted (groundwater, soil vapor) environmental media under the current and future onsite and offsite land use scenarios to develop appropriate site management and redevelopment plans.  Also assessed and discussed appropriate remedial measures and controls with the regulatory agency and future property owners, and developed deed restrictions and institutional controls to limit future exposure.  Evaluated appropriate remedial measures to address impacted vadose zone soils and groundwater underlying the site to mitigate the potential for VI into any onsite and offsite current or future buildings.
Development of Groundwater Remedial Action Levels, Sao Paulo, Brazil Evaluated the potential for VI into onsite and offsite commercial buildings using multiple lines of evidence and model results.  Based on the VI potential pathway—the only exposure pathway—as project manager and technical expert, developed and negotiated with the regulatory agency groundwater remedial action and monitoring levels that would be protective of human health.
VI Assessment, Newark, New Jersey Served as the technical expert and task manager for an assessment of the potential for subsurface VI to impact the indoor air of an active chemical manufacturing facility.  As part of an EPA order on consent, the potential for VI is to be assessed in each of the buildings.  Developed, and negotiated with EPA, an assessment approach in accordance with EPA’s Technical Guide for Assessing and Mitigating the Vapor Intrusion Pathway from Subsurface Vapor Sources to Indoor Air (VI Guide, USEPA 2015) and its companion document Technical Guide for Addressing Petroleum Vapor Intrusion at Leaking Underground Storage Tank Sites (USEPA 2015) and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) Technical Rules [N.J.A.C. 7:26E -1.15(a)].  This approach used a “worst first” approach, using the results of shallow groundwater samples, to prioritize buildings for investigation.  The results of the investigation were evaluated using a multiple-lines-of-evidence approach to guide what actions were needed to address the VI pathway in these buildings, and to determine if additional buildings should be assessed.
VI Mitigation System Design, Fairbanks, Alaska Served as the project manager and technical expert overseeing the design and implementation of pilot-scale designs for subslab soil vapor intrusion mitigation systems to determine which design would most efficiently mitigate the potential for VI in bunkers overlying drum storage areas.  Negotiated the work plan approach and selected designs with DOD.
VI Evaluation, Worcester Township, Pennsylvania As part of a five-year review response, served as the project manager and technical expert who developed, negotiated, and implemented a phased soil vapor intrusion evaluation at an EPA Region 3 National Priority List (NPL) site.  Due to the history of the site, obtaining access and addressing community relations was a key component of completing the work.  Collaborating with the agency and providing constant communication (e.g., development and implementation of phone calls, letters, fact sheets) throughout the evaluation process, selected and assessed “worst case” buildings over the contaminated groundwater plume, resulting in a no further action and protectiveness of public health determination.
VI Evaluation, Mt. Holly, New Jersey Using a multiple-lines-of-evidence approach, as the technical expert and project manager, assessed whether site-related chlorinated VOCs could impact the indoor air quality of buildings overlying the groundwater plume.  Conducted community relations activities including development of fact sheets, obtaining access, and development and transmittal property owner result letters; and negotiated the approach with the regulatory agency which led to sampling only five of the 100 buildings and a no further evaluation determination.
VI Evaluation, Odenton, Maryland Using a multiple-lines-of-evidence approach, assessed whether residual concentration of tetrachloroethene in soil vapor could impact indoor air of newly constructed apartment buildings via the VI pathway or if mitigation measures are necessary.  As project manager and technical expert, also participated in regulatory negotiations and development of a site management plan.
Dispute Resolution, Industrial Facility, Rochester, New York Assisted the State of New York to negotiate and win a dispute resolution case where OSHA permissible exposure limits were deemed not applicable in commercial or industrial settings where people may be exposed involuntarily to chemicals from soil vapor intrusion.  This case is a landmark case and is referenced in many other VI cases within New York as the administrative judge determined that OSHA standards are deferred to only when the chemical(s) in soil vapor are routinely used as part of regular operations in the building.
VI Assessment, Princeton Junction, New Jersey Served as the project director and technical expert for an assessment of the potential for subsurface VI to impact the indoor air of a manufacturing facility.  The facility is being decommissioned and operations are ceasing.  As part of the decommissioning process, an environmental assessment was conducted that indicated the presence of chlorinated solvents in shallow groundwater within 100 feet of the manufacturing building.  This information triggered the need for a VI assessment in accordance with the NJDEP Technical Requirements for Site Remediation.  Due to the changing conditions with the building use, this included negotiating an assessment approach that meets the regulatory requirements and provides a safe environment for the client’s employees while they remain at the facility.
VI Assessment, San Jose, California Served as the project director and technical expert for an assessment of the potential for subsurface VI to impact the indoor air of commercial properties constructed over a groundwater plume impacted by chlorinated solvents.  As part of the EPA five-year review, it was determined by EPA and the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board (Water Board) that groundwater near the commercial structures has elevated levels of 1,1-dichloroethene, and that the potential for VI needed to be evaluated in buildings within 100 feet of the impacted groundwater plume and near areas of potential migration pathways.  Developed San Francisco Bay Water Board-approved indoor air and soil vapor assessment work plans that would obtain the information necessary to evaluate the potential for VI into the buildings of potential concern.  Also assisted EPA to update the next five-year review.
VI Mitigation and Property Closure Strategy, Mountain View, California Served as the technical expert supporting development of a conceptual VI mitigation design for each of the five proposed buildings to be constructed on a property.  This task included supporting discussions with EPA to understand the remedial objectives of groundwater that will enable use of passive VI mitigation systems in the proposed buildings.
VI Mitigation Assessment, East Hanover, New Jersey Served as the technical expert and project manager peer reviewing and providing guidance to the client on the VI assessment and mitigation activities being conducted at six buildings located near or overlying groundwater and soil vapor impacted with chloroform.  In addition, due to the presence of 1,3-butadiene, benzene, and ethylbenzene in soil vapor, a passive mitigation system was preemptively installed in a newly constructed building where a sensitive population would be present.  The review indicated that the monitoring and mitigation measures being conducted are conservative and can be modified in accordance with the NJDEP Vapor Intrusion Technical Guidance.
VI Assessment, Albany, New York Served as the project manager and technical expert for an assessment of the potential for subsurface VI to impact the indoor air of a leased space.  The space is located within a strip mall that is listed as a NYSDEC state Superfund program site.  Because the recommended remedy under the NYSDEC-issued record of decision has not been implemented, this included assessing the current indoor air quality and the potential for vapor intrusion to impact indoor air quality in order to assure a safe environment for the client’s employees and customers.
Soil Vapor Assessment, South Charleston, West Virginia Served as project manager and technical expert overseeing development, implementation, and evaluation of a soil vapor assessment.  The evaluation was conducted to assess whether VI mitigation controls would be required to protect indoor air quality should development occur in portions of the site, and to assess whether the current passive VI control measure installed in an occupied building was adequate.  In addition, the soil vapor assessment evaluated whether further VI investigation activities were needed in adjacent offsite residential properties.  Based on the analytical results obtained around the occupied site building, coordinated, evaluated, and communicated the results of an indoor air assessment.
VI Mitigation, Peterborough, New Hampshire Served as the project manager and technical expert overseeing the assessment, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and monitoring of a VI mitigation system in an active manufacturing facility.
Assessment of VI Mitigation Measures, California Authored a report that presents the available mitigation measures and controls being used in the United States to address VI issues in existing commercial and residential buildings.  The report presents a description of available control options, including retrofit controls or controls installed during construction; a qualitative evaluation of the effectiveness of identified options and supporting data; the expected cost and time ranges for complete implementation of options; and historical regulatory acceptance of various options for specific contaminant mitigation efforts.  The report aids in selecting appropriate controls based on site-specific information.
Soil Gas Sampling Plan, Florida Authored a soil-gas sampling plan to assess the potential for VI at a former MGP site regulated under an administrative order on consent with EPA.
Evaluation and Mitigation of VI Pathway, New York, New York Managed development, implementation, and evaluation of a $0.5 million annual soil vapor intrusion sampling program necessary to assess the potential for VI into multiple buildings (footprint of more than 1.1 million square feet) overlying an impacted groundwater plume. Also assessed potential control measures, and, as appropriate, designed and implemented some engineering controls to reduce indoor air concentrations.
Regulatory Guidance Document Review, New York Reviewed and commented on the New York State Department of Health’s draft Guidance for Evaluating Soil Vapor Intrusion in the State of New York (February 2005).
Evaluation of Controls to VI Pathway, Webster, New York Managed the development, implementation, and evaluation of soil vapor intrusion sampling program conducted to assess the potential for VI into a 1 million square foot commercial building overlying an impacted groundwater plume.  Also assessed use of active SVE system to mitigate the potential risks associated with this impacted groundwater plume.
VI Assessment, Great Neck, New York Managed the assessment of potential risks associated with an underlying impacted groundwater plume and development of a conceptual VI mitigation system design to reduce these potential risks.
VI Evaluation, Rochester, New York Managed the assessment of potential risks to indoor air at a commercial facility and surrounding residential neighborhood by developing a conceptual site model (CSM) to determine if the VI pathway exists, developing and implementing a sampling work plan to evaluate this potential exposure pathway, and confirming the CSM.
VI Evaluations and Industrial Hygiene, MGP Sites, New York Served as the project manager and developed and authored work plans and health and safety plans to assess the indoor air quality within multiple residential and commercial structures built on top of or adjacent to former MGPs in urban and residential areas.  Managed the budget, client relations, field activities, and reporting of these indoor air quality assessments.  Also authored and provided evaluations of these indoor air analyses compared with soil gas surveys in technical assessment reports and oversaw industrial hygiene monitoring during field activities.
VI Evaluation at MGP Site, Newton, New Jersey Developed and authored work plans and health and safety plans to assess the indoor air quality within multiple commercial structures built on top of a former MGP in an urban area.  Managed the budget, client relations, and reporting associated with these evaluations of potential subsurface VI; and evaluated and reported upon the air and soil gas analyses in a technical assessment report.
Strategic Planning and Risk Communication, Residential Property, Pittsfield, Massachusetts Served as technical advisor and project manager overseeing selection of appropriate remedial measures, human health evaluations, and community relations.  Provided independent and peer review consulting services, assessing other consultant’s reports and proposed work to evaluate the off-gassing and potential VI impacts, if any, associated with a fuel oil spill that impacted building and subsurface materials.  In addition, assisted the client negotiate appropriate cost allocation for the selected remedial actions.
Support Property Transfer, Seattle, Washington Served as the project manager and technical expert supporting successful transfer of a property where a potential recognized environmental condition associated with a former auto repair shop was identified by others.  Under this role, reviewed documents and guided proposed Phase II activities with the client and the potential buyer.  Also developed cost estimates for potential remedial alternatives to prevent the potential of VI into the building and addressing groundwater impacted with petroleum-related compounds and trichloroethene.
Assess Potential for VI to Support Property Transfer, New York, New York Served as the project manager and technical expert supporting successful transfer of a mixed-use property where the potential for VI was identified by others.  Under this role, reviewed a Phase I environmental site assessment, indoor air sample results, and documents associated with a historical gasoline release that was properly addressed in accordance with NYSDEC regulations.
Site Characterization, Remediation, and Strategic Planning, Amherst, New York Served as the project manager and technical expert for two properties undergoing property transactions.  Provided independent and peer review consulting services assessing other consultants’ reports and proposed work to evaluate environmental impacts associated with historical operations on these properties.  Also negotiated between NYSDEC, property buyers and sellers, legal counsel, financial institutions, and other consultants and subcontractors when developing appropriate remedial measures—including VI mitigation, groundwater treatment, soil removal—necessary to obtain NYSDEC site closure and enable sale of the properties.  Once the negotiations were complete, wrote NYSDEC and stakeholder-approved work plans and reports, as well as oversaw implementation of the work conducted and supported sale of the properties.

Contaminated Sediments

Technical Framework Authorship, New York Gas Group, New York Served as the project manager and author of the design of a technical framework for managing contaminated sediments in New York. The framework is based on federal and New York state regulatory guidance.
Sediment Assessment Protocols Authorship, New York Gas Group, New York Served as the project manager and author of the application of sediment assessment protocols with the purpose of defining environmentally acceptable concentrations of hydrocarbons in sediment.
Topical Report Authorship, Gas Research Institute, New York Served as the project manager and author of a topical report evaluating the in situ bioremediation of sediments.
Topical Report Authorship, Gas Research Institute, New York Served as the project manager and author of a topical report evaluating in situ soil treatment using the contained recovery of oily wastes (CROW©) process.
Sediment Dredging and Capping of MGP Wastes, Macon, Georgia Managed and designed a $2 million sediment dredging and capping remediation.  Prepared permit applications and designs, and authored technical specifications for sediment remediation. Also authored the community air monitoring and water quality monitoring plans as well as site work plan and closeout reports, including the final engineering report and the operation and maintenance plan.  During fieldwork, managed field operations, including meetings with the Georgia Environmental Protection Division and local water authority; oversaw water treatment operations and water monitoring program of river and treated waste; and established and maintained community relations during the remedial activities.
Pond Sediment and Wetland Rehabilitation, Wrentham, Massachusetts Managed a dig-and-haul sediment remediation with wetland restoration in the permitting phase for a Massachusetts Contingency Plan (MCP) site.  Activities associated with this work include permitting at the federal (i.e., 401 Water Quality Certifications and a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [USACE] individual permit) and local (i.e., order of conditions) levels, negotiating access agreements, community relations, and working with the client’s environmental contractors.
MGP Site Remediation, Mineral Springs, New York Managed the excavation, rendering, and capping of 12 acres of MGP-impacted soils and sediments. Monitored personnel and community health and safety, and functioned as a liaison between field personnel and client with daily site progress and developments, and as the field engineer. Also authored final reports and site-specific field guide for field technician’s daily activities.

Regulatory Compliance

PFAS Investigation, Plattsburgh, New York Working with the responsible party, EPA and New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC), serves as engineer of record for the delineation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil, sediment, surface water, and groundwater, which are used in assessing risk to human and ecological receptors.
Pharmaceutical and PFAS Investigation, Syracuse, New York Serves as engineer of record for the delineation of pharmaceutical-related compounds and PFAS in soil, sediment, surface water, and groundwater to support evaluating risk to human and ecological receptors and development of a property in the New York State Brownfield Cleanup Program (BCP).  Also responsible for the remedial activities being conducted on other portions of the property that are not part of the BCP.
Strategic Planning and Site Closure, Gowanda, New York Serves as engineer of record for a hazardous waste landfill from the NYSDEC state Superfund program.  Works with the client and its representatives to negotiate the order on consent (and amendments), develop and implement the site management plan, construct an erosion control measure, and conduct OMM activities, and annual reporting.
Leachate Management, Gowanda, New York Serves as engineer of record for a solid waste landfill that will use engineered phytoremediation (TreeWell® system) to manage leachate and transfer the landfill’s OMM requirements from post-closure care to custodial care.
Site Characterization and Interim Remedial Measures, Brooklyn, New York Served as engineer of record for the site characterization and development and implementation of interim remedial measures (IRMs) to address the metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) detected in soil, soil vapor, and groundwater, and support development of the property in accordance with a NYSDEC order on consent.  The IRMs include a soil cover system, soil vapor remediation system using SVE to address the VOCs detected in soil vapor and groundwater and mitigate the potential for VI into the onsite building and adjacent properties, an environmental easement, and a site management plan.
Waste Water Treatment System, Selkirk, New York As engineer of record, oversaw design of modifying a wastewater treatment facility (WWTF).  To improve system efficiency, worked with the client to modify the current system to include recirculation methods and automation controlling the water that enters the WWTF and discharges to a river under a State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (SPDES) permit.  Also oversaw modifications to the treatment chain, including pilot studies to select the appropriate ion exchange material, to address the elevated levels of zinc detected in the effluent.
Permit Modification, Plattsburgh, New York As engineer of record, oversaw development of a modification permit application associated with incorporating the ability to manufacture a new series of parts and products at an active manufacturing facility.  As part of this process, worked with the client to prepare a response to comments letter which included, but was not limited to, process flow diagrams and air emission models.
Certification of Visible Emission Compliance, New York, New York As engineer of record, reviewed results and documentation of opacity (visible emission) testing conducted on five emergency generators installed at five different facilities located in New York.  Under this role, certified that the air emissions met the applicable emission regulations stipulated by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection.
Air Permit, West Seneca, New York As engineer of record, reviewed emission calculations and supported development of and certified the state facility air permit application for a new facility being constructed in New York.
VI Evaluation and Mitigation, MEW Superfund Site, Mountain View, California Serves as the technical director overseeing the assessment and mitigation, if needed, of the potential for VI to impact the indoor air of commercial and residential properties overlying a groundwater plume impacted by chlorinated solvents.  Develops building-specific sampling plans and sampling events, and VI control system designs; evaluates and reports on the data obtained to EPA; participates in stakeholder meetings; develops community relations materials; and reviews all documents associated with the VI evaluations conducted by others.  In addition, reviews and develops appropriate mitigation measures to prevent VI into the buildings.  As technical director, also prepares and submits the monthly and annual progress reports, and works with the potentially responsible parties and associated consultants to develop a remedial strategy that is protective of public health, in the current and future building residential and commercial scenarios, and the environment.
VI Evaluation and Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Served as the project manager and technical expert for an assessment of the potential for VI to impact the indoor air of current buildings and future construction on an industrial site where fractured bedrock and nonaqueous-phase liquid (NAPL) underlying the buildings is present.  Evaluated the potential and associated health risks with exposure to all impacted (groundwater, soil vapor) environmental media under the current and future onsite and offsite land use scenarios to develop appropriate site management and redevelopment plans.  Also assessed and discussed appropriate remedial measures and controls with the regulatory agency and future property owners, and developed deed restrictions and institutional controls to limit future exposure.  Evaluated appropriate remedial measures to address impacted vadose zone soils and groundwater underlying the site to mitigate the potential for VI into any onsite and offsite current or future buildings.
Development of Groundwater Remedial Action Levels, Sao Paulo, Brazil Evaluated the potential for VI into onsite and offsite commercial buildings using multiple lines of evidence and model results.  Based on the VI potential pathway—the only exposure pathway—as project manager and technical expert, developed and negotiated with the regulatory agency groundwater remedial action and monitoring levels that would be protective of human health.
VI Assessment, Newark, New Jersey Served as the technical expert and task manager for an assessment of the potential for subsurface VI to impact the indoor air of an active chemical manufacturing facility.  As part of an EPA order on consent, the potential for VI is to be assessed in each of the buildings.  Developed, and negotiated with EPA, an assessment approach in accordance with EPA’s Technical Guide for Assessing and Mitigating the Vapor Intrusion Pathway from Subsurface Vapor Sources to Indoor Air (VI Guide, USEPA 2015) and its companion document Technical Guide for Addressing Petroleum Vapor Intrusion at Leaking Underground Storage Tank Sites (USEPA 2015) and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) Technical Rules [N.J.A.C. 7:26E -1.15(a)].  This approach used a “worst first” approach, using the results of shallow groundwater samples, to prioritize buildings for investigation.  The results of the investigation were evaluated using a multiple-lines-of-evidence approach to guide what actions were needed to address the VI pathway in these buildings, and to determine if additional buildings should be assessed.
VI Evaluation, Worcester Township, Pennsylvania As part of a five-year review response, served as the project manager and technical expert who developed, negotiated, and implemented a phased soil vapor intrusion evaluation at an EPA Region 3 National Priority List (NPL) site.  Due to the history of the site, obtaining access and addressing community relations was a key component of completing the work.  Collaborating with the agency and providing constant communication (e.g., development and implementation of phone calls, letters, fact sheets) throughout the evaluation process, selected and assessed “worst case” buildings over the contaminated groundwater plume, resulting in a no further action and protectiveness of public health determination.
VI Evaluation, Mt. Holly, New Jersey Using a multiple-lines-of-evidence approach, as the technical expert and project manager, assessed whether site-related chlorinated VOCs could impact the indoor air quality of buildings overlying the groundwater plume.  Conducted community relations activities including development of fact sheets, obtaining access, and development and transmittal property owner result letters; and negotiated the approach with the regulatory agency which led to sampling only five of the 100 buildings and a no further evaluation determination.
VI Evaluation, Odenton, Maryland Using a multiple-lines-of-evidence approach, assessed whether residual concentration of tetrachloroethene in soil vapor could impact indoor air of newly constructed apartment buildings via the VI pathway or if mitigation measures are necessary.  As project manager and technical expert, also participated in regulatory negotiations and development of a site management plan.
Dispute Resolution, Industrial Facility, Rochester, New York Assisted the State of New York to negotiate and win a dispute resolution case where OSHA permissible exposure limits were deemed not applicable in commercial or industrial settings where people may be exposed involuntarily to chemicals from soil vapor intrusion.  This case is a landmark case and is referenced in many other VI cases within New York as the administrative judge determined that OSHA standards are deferred to only when the chemical(s) in soil vapor are routinely used as part of regular operations in the building.
VI Assessment, Princeton Junction, New Jersey Served as the project director and technical expert for an assessment of the potential for subsurface VI to impact the indoor air of a manufacturing facility.  The facility is being decommissioned and operations are ceasing.  As part of the decommissioning process, an environmental assessment was conducted that indicated the presence of chlorinated solvents in shallow groundwater within 100 feet of the manufacturing building.  This information triggered the need for a VI assessment in accordance with the NJDEP Technical Requirements for Site Remediation.  Due to the changing conditions with the building use, this included negotiating an assessment approach that meets the regulatory requirements and provides a safe environment for the client’s employees while they remain at the facility.
VI Assessment, San Jose, California Served as the project director and technical expert for an assessment of the potential for subsurface VI to impact the indoor air of commercial properties constructed over a groundwater plume impacted by chlorinated solvents.  As part of the EPA five-year review, it was determined by EPA and the San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board (Water Board) that groundwater near the commercial structures has elevated levels of 1,1-dichloroethene, and that the potential for VI needed to be evaluated in buildings within 100 feet of the impacted groundwater plume and near areas of potential migration pathways.  Developed San Francisco Bay Water Board-approved indoor air and soil vapor assessment work plans that would obtain the information necessary to evaluate the potential for VI into the buildings of potential concern.  Also assisted EPA to update the next five-year review.
VI Mitigation and Property Closure Strategy, Mountain View, California Served as the technical expert supporting development of a conceptual VI mitigation design for each of the five proposed buildings to be constructed on a property.  This task included supporting discussions with EPA to understand the remedial objectives of groundwater that will enable use of passive VI mitigation systems in the proposed buildings.
VI Mitigation Assessment, East Hanover, New Jersey Served as the technical expert and project manager peer reviewing and providing guidance to the client on the VI assessment and mitigation activities being conducted at six buildings located near or overlying groundwater and soil vapor impacted with chloroform.  In addition, due to the presence of 1,3-butadiene, benzene, and ethylbenzene in soil vapor, a passive mitigation system was preemptively installed in a newly constructed building where a sensitive population would be present.  The review indicated that the monitoring and mitigation measures being conducted are conservative and can be modified in accordance with the NJDEP Vapor Intrusion Technical Guidance.
VI Assessment, Albany, New York Served as the project manager and technical expert for an assessment of the potential for subsurface VI to impact the indoor air of a leased space.  The space is located within a strip mall that is listed as a NYSDEC state Superfund program site.  Because the recommended remedy under the NYSDEC-issued record of decision has not been implemented, this included assessing the current indoor air quality and the potential for vapor intrusion to impact indoor air quality in order to assure a safe environment for the client’s employees and customers.
Soil Gas Sampling Plan, Florida Authored a soil-gas sampling plan to assess the potential for VI at a former MGP site regulated under an administrative order on consent with EPA.
Regulatory Guidance Document Review, New York Reviewed and commented on the New York State Department of Health’s draft Guidance for Evaluating Soil Vapor Intrusion in the State of New York (February 2005).
Technical Framework Authorship, New York Gas Group, New York Served as the project manager and author of the design of a technical framework for managing contaminated sediments in New York. The framework is based on federal and New York state regulatory guidance.
Sediment Dredging and Capping of MGP Wastes, Macon, Georgia Managed and designed a $2 million sediment dredging and capping remediation.  Prepared permit applications and designs, and authored technical specifications for sediment remediation. Also authored the community air monitoring and water quality monitoring plans as well as site work plan and closeout reports, including the final engineering report and the operation and maintenance plan.  During fieldwork, managed field operations, including meetings with the Georgia Environmental Protection Division and local water authority; oversaw water treatment operations and water monitoring program of river and treated waste; and established and maintained community relations during the remedial activities.
Compliance Activities, Southeastern Massachusetts Served as the project manager overseeing the activities necessary to achieve regulatory closure under the MCP and confirm compliance with the conditions of the closure at three different sites.  Under this role, ensured site reconnaissance activities were conducted to confirm compliance with the activity and use limitation and agreement and restriction documents imposed on each property; responded to questions from the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, town officials, or the property owners, as needed; coordinated with the new property owners regarding redevelopment; and managed decommissioning of onsite monitoring wells, as appropriate.  Also acted as the liaison between the licensed site professional, and representatives of the client and property owners.
Development of Compliance Management System, United States Developed a compliance management system (CMS) to provide client a set of environmental standards and practices by which to operate.  The CMS is designed to standardize and formalize the practices and programs used to maintain, track, and improve environmental performance throughout the company.  The CMS includes a corporate-level policy that establishes client’s commitment to environmental performance; a high level document that presents the processes client will use to manage its environmental programs; written procedures that define how the company manages its environmental programs from a systems standpoint; written documents that describe an interpretation of each applicable regulatory requirement; and operation-specific procedures detailing how the operation will comply with the each of the applicable regulatory programs.  As a result of implementing the CMS, client has seen marked improvement in environmental performance throughout its operations.  In addition, this project resulted in being named as the CMS consultant in a consent decree with EPA to address water quality matters at these operations.
Development of Soil Cleanup Levels, Sleepy Hollow, New York Using forensic evidence and a review of historical fill and other background sources of contamination, managed the project that determined the areal extent of potential contamination from a former battery manufacturing operation.  Coordinating with many stakeholders and technical experts, also developed soil cleanup levels that were protective of public health and the environment.
Site Investigation, Remediation, and Compliance Activities, Cato, New York Served as the project manager and technical expert overseeing the assessment, removal, and proper disposal of buried pesticides and surrounding impacted soils.  Participated in negotiations with representatives of the NYSDEC Bureau of Pesticide Management (BPM), Spills Division, and environmental conservation police officers to develop and implement a NYSDEC-approved investigation and remediation work plan necessary to achieve site closure.  Also participated in a NYSDEC BPM audit and follow-up activities including annual pesticide reporting; conducted an environmental assessment of the farm and farm operations and assisted the farm to comply with the NYSDEC petroleum bulk storage regulations and chemical use and storage requirements; and provided training on pesticide/herbicide use and management to farm personnel.  In addition, prepared and submitted the NYSDEC required progress reports.
Develop and Support Closure Strategy, Former Manufacturing Facility, Bridgeport, Connecticut Served as the project manager overseeing the activities necessary to achieve regulatory closure under Connecticut’s voluntary remediation program at a property formerly used for manufacturing.  Under this role, developed and ensured implementation of activities needed to aid in advancing site characterization and development of remedial approaches and costs necessary to address impacts to soil, groundwater, and NAPL present on the property.
Site Investigation, Remediation, and Compliance Activities, Waterbury, Connecticut Served as the project manager and technical expert for a former laundering and dry-cleaning facility.  In this role, to assist the client achieve site closure under the Connecticut property transfer program and address a notice of violation associated with PCBs and a underground storage tank (UST), oversaw the planning and implementation of site investigation and remediation activities; assisted with regulatory negotiations with the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection and EPA; and assisted with property transfer requirements including developing an environmental land use restriction.
COVID-19 Planning Support, Private Company, Boston, Massachusetts Supported a company with COVID-19 response planning, including the development and implementation of field and office operating protocols that are consistent with evolving local, state, and federal guidance.
Strategic Planning and Risk Communication, Residential Property, Pittsfield, Massachusetts Served as technical advisor and project manager overseeing selection of appropriate remedial measures, human health evaluations, and community relations.  Provided independent and peer review consulting services, assessing other consultant’s reports and proposed work to evaluate the off-gassing and potential VI impacts, if any, associated with a fuel oil spill that impacted building and subsurface materials.  In addition, assisted the client negotiate appropriate cost allocation for the selected remedial actions.
Support Renovation and Lead Abatement, Yonkers, New York Served as a technical expert and liaison between the developer and contractor during renovation activities that identified the presence of lead paint.  Under this role, supported development of protocols to screen the building for lead in paint, dust, and air; and methods to mitigate the potential for lead, if present, to become airborne if disturbed.
Oil Spill, Worcester, Massachusetts Served as the technical expert peer reviewing and providing guidance to the client on the activities conducted and proposed to be conducted to address the environmental impacts from an oil spill.  In this role, reviewed and provided insight on the applicability of the activities and costs incurred during the spill response activities, and guided the client with understanding the additional proposed activities and costs to be incurred to meet the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection regulatory requirements for cleanup and reporting.  Also acted as a liaison between the client and the licensed site professional responsible for the remedial actions being taken on the property.
Assess Potential for VI to Support Property Transfer, New York, New York Served as the project manager and technical expert supporting successful transfer of a mixed-use property where the potential for VI was identified by others.  Under this role, reviewed a Phase I environmental site assessment, indoor air sample results, and documents associated with a historical gasoline release that was properly addressed in accordance with NYSDEC regulations.
Due Diligence Support, New York, New York Reviewed environmental investigation reports and provided environmental due diligence services in connection with contemplated investment in the redevelopment of a property in New York, New York.  In particular, assessed all documents and provided guidance to the property buyer and its respective legal and insurance teams on how the redevelopment plans would need to meet the regulatory requirements of the NYSDEC BCP.
Site Characterization, Remediation, and Strategic Planning, Amherst, New York Served as the project manager and technical expert for two properties undergoing property transactions.  Provided independent and peer review consulting services assessing other consultants’ reports and proposed work to evaluate environmental impacts associated with historical operations on these properties.  Also negotiated between NYSDEC, property buyers and sellers, legal counsel, financial institutions, and other consultants and subcontractors when developing appropriate remedial measures—including VI mitigation, groundwater treatment, soil removal—necessary to obtain NYSDEC site closure and enable sale of the properties.  Once the negotiations were complete, wrote NYSDEC and stakeholder-approved work plans and reports, as well as oversaw implementation of the work conducted and supported sale of the properties.
Site Management Plan, Olean, New York Developed a site management plan, a required element of the New York State spill response program administered by NYSDEC.  The plan presents a detailed description of all procedures required to manage remaining contamination at the site after completion of the remedial action, including media monitoring, to be conducted under a NYSDEC-approved monitoring plan, and appropriately managing any soils to be excavated—an approach to monitor and handle residual soil and groundwater contamination.  The plan also includes a description of periodic review reports for the periodic submittal of data, information, recommendations, and certifications to NYSDEC.
Site Investigation, Remediation, and Strategic Planning, Illinois Served as a technical expert and project manager for MGP sites located throughout Illinois.  As technical expert, oversaw the planning and implementation of site investigation and remediation activities, which included development of work plans, air monitoring plans, feasibility studies, and technical specifications.  Also evaluated and reported on the data obtained to the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA); participated in client planning meetings, developed overall company approaches to managing the portfolio of sites, and reviewed all documents associated with site work conducted by others prior to submittal to IEPA.

Human Health Risk Assessment

VI Evaluation and Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Served as the project manager and technical expert for an assessment of the potential for VI to impact the indoor air of current buildings and future construction on an industrial site where fractured bedrock and nonaqueous-phase liquid (NAPL) underlying the buildings is present.  Evaluated the potential and associated health risks with exposure to all impacted (groundwater, soil vapor) environmental media under the current and future onsite and offsite land use scenarios to develop appropriate site management and redevelopment plans.  Also assessed and discussed appropriate remedial measures and controls with the regulatory agency and future property owners, and developed deed restrictions and institutional controls to limit future exposure.  Evaluated appropriate remedial measures to address impacted vadose zone soils and groundwater underlying the site to mitigate the potential for VI into any onsite and offsite current or future buildings.
Development of Groundwater Remedial Action Levels, Sao Paulo, Brazil Evaluated the potential for VI into onsite and offsite commercial buildings using multiple lines of evidence and model results.  Based on the VI potential pathway—the only exposure pathway—as project manager and technical expert, developed and negotiated with the regulatory agency groundwater remedial action and monitoring levels that would be protective of human health.
VI Assessment, Albany, New York Served as the project manager and technical expert for an assessment of the potential for subsurface VI to impact the indoor air of a leased space.  The space is located within a strip mall that is listed as a NYSDEC state Superfund program site.  Because the recommended remedy under the NYSDEC-issued record of decision has not been implemented, this included assessing the current indoor air quality and the potential for vapor intrusion to impact indoor air quality in order to assure a safe environment for the client’s employees and customers.
VI Assessment, Great Neck, New York Managed the assessment of potential risks associated with an underlying impacted groundwater plume and development of a conceptual VI mitigation system design to reduce these potential risks.
Development of Soil Cleanup Levels, Sleepy Hollow, New York Using forensic evidence and a review of historical fill and other background sources of contamination, managed the project that determined the areal extent of potential contamination from a former battery manufacturing operation.  Coordinating with many stakeholders and technical experts, also developed soil cleanup levels that were protective of public health and the environment.
Strategic Planning and Risk Communication, Residential Property, Pittsfield, Massachusetts Served as technical advisor and project manager overseeing selection of appropriate remedial measures, human health evaluations, and community relations.  Provided independent and peer review consulting services, assessing other consultant’s reports and proposed work to evaluate the off-gassing and potential VI impacts, if any, associated with a fuel oil spill that impacted building and subsurface materials.  In addition, assisted the client negotiate appropriate cost allocation for the selected remedial actions.
HHRA, Resource Conservation Recovery Act (RCRA) Facility, Plainville, Massachusetts Served as the project director overseeing response to EPA comments and development of a work plan to obtain the necessary data to complete an assessment of risk associated with the properties adjacent to the RCRA facility.  Also oversaw updating the HHRAs developed for the properties located adjacent to the facility.

Real Estate Transactions

Site Investigation, Remediation, and Compliance Activities, Waterbury, Connecticut Served as the project manager and technical expert for a former laundering and dry-cleaning facility.  In this role, to assist the client achieve site closure under the Connecticut property transfer program and address a notice of violation associated with PCBs and a underground storage tank (UST), oversaw the planning and implementation of site investigation and remediation activities; assisted with regulatory negotiations with the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection and EPA; and assisted with property transfer requirements including developing an environmental land use restriction.
Support Property Transfer, New York, New York Served as the project manager and technical expert supporting successful purchase of a property where a potential recognized environmental condition was documented by others.  Under this role, supported the client in working with the bank to identify a path forward, which included reviewing Phase I Environmental Site Assessments and files housed at the Manhattan Department of Buildings, coordinating ground penetrating radar services to locate a presumed UST, and communicating with the bank representatives.
Support Property Transfer, Seattle, Washington Served as the project manager and technical expert supporting successful transfer of a property where a potential recognized environmental condition associated with a former auto repair shop was identified by others.  Under this role, reviewed documents and guided proposed Phase II activities with the client and the potential buyer.  Also developed cost estimates for potential remedial alternatives to prevent the potential of VI into the building and addressing groundwater impacted with petroleum-related compounds and trichloroethene.
Assess Potential for VI to Support Property Transfer, New York, New York Served as the project manager and technical expert supporting successful transfer of a mixed-use property where the potential for VI was identified by others.  Under this role, reviewed a Phase I environmental site assessment, indoor air sample results, and documents associated with a historical gasoline release that was properly addressed in accordance with NYSDEC regulations.
Due Diligence Support, New York, New York Reviewed environmental investigation reports and provided environmental due diligence services in connection with contemplated investment in the redevelopment of a property in New York, New York.  In particular, assessed all documents and provided guidance to the property buyer and its respective legal and insurance teams on how the redevelopment plans would need to meet the regulatory requirements of the NYSDEC BCP.
Site Characterization, Remediation, and Strategic Planning, Amherst, New York Served as the project manager and technical expert for two properties undergoing property transactions.  Provided independent and peer review consulting services assessing other consultants’ reports and proposed work to evaluate environmental impacts associated with historical operations on these properties.  Also negotiated between NYSDEC, property buyers and sellers, legal counsel, financial institutions, and other consultants and subcontractors when developing appropriate remedial measures—including VI mitigation, groundwater treatment, soil removal—necessary to obtain NYSDEC site closure and enable sale of the properties.  Once the negotiations were complete, wrote NYSDEC and stakeholder-approved work plans and reports, as well as oversaw implementation of the work conducted and supported sale of the properties.

Air Quality Modeling

Permit Modification, Plattsburgh, New York As engineer of record, oversaw development of a modification permit application associated with incorporating the ability to manufacture a new series of parts and products at an active manufacturing facility.  As part of this process, worked with the client to prepare a response to comments letter which included, but was not limited to, process flow diagrams and air emission models.
Certification of Visible Emission Compliance, New York, New York As engineer of record, reviewed results and documentation of opacity (visible emission) testing conducted on five emergency generators installed at five different facilities located in New York.  Under this role, certified that the air emissions met the applicable emission regulations stipulated by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection.
Forensic Evaluation of Benzene in Outdoor Air, Roxanna, Illinois Conducted a forensic analysis of outdoor air and shallow soil vapor samples collected and analyzed for VOCs to assess whether the detections of benzene in outdoor air are caused by the subsurface petroleum hydrocarbon impacts detected in the investigation area within the village.  The forensic analysis included evaluating the temporal and spatial variability of benzene in outdoor air and soil vapor; evaluating the relative concentrations of select petroleum-related hydrocarbons detected in soil vapor and outdoor air; and modeling to provide an upper-bound estimate of the potential migration of VOCs from soil vapor to outdoor air.

Air Quality Monitoring

Sediment Dredging and Capping of MGP Wastes, Macon, Georgia Managed and designed a $2 million sediment dredging and capping remediation.  Prepared permit applications and designs, and authored technical specifications for sediment remediation. Also authored the community air monitoring and water quality monitoring plans as well as site work plan and closeout reports, including the final engineering report and the operation and maintenance plan.  During fieldwork, managed field operations, including meetings with the Georgia Environmental Protection Division and local water authority; oversaw water treatment operations and water monitoring program of river and treated waste; and established and maintained community relations during the remedial activities.
Support Renovation and Lead Abatement, Yonkers, New York Served as a technical expert and liaison between the developer and contractor during renovation activities that identified the presence of lead paint.  Under this role, supported development of protocols to screen the building for lead in paint, dust, and air; and methods to mitigate the potential for lead, if present, to become airborne if disturbed.
Assessment of Mercury Indoor Air Impacts, New York Developed and authored work plans and health and safety plans to assess the indoor air quality within a former business impacted with elemental mercury. Managed and assessed porous material sampling and air results associated with these plans and authored the technical assessment report associated with these activities and findings.
Air Monitoring Plans, Railroad Company, Minnesota Developed community- and work-zone-specific air monitoring plans for arsenic-impacted soil remediation.  The plans were based on HHRAs, state and federal regulations, and government negotiations.
Assessment of Mercury Indoor Air Impacts, State Educational System, Prairie View, Texas Developed and authored work plans and health and safety plans to assess the indoor air quality within a university building impacted with elemental mercury.  Managed and evaluated all field sampling activities, health and safety, the budget, client relations, and reporting associated with this indoor air quality assessment.  Also developed and authored the necessary access permits and abatement plans to enable reuse of the building.
Site Investigation, Remediation, and Strategic Planning, Illinois Served as a technical expert and project manager for MGP sites located throughout Illinois.  As technical expert, oversaw the planning and implementation of site investigation and remediation activities, which included development of work plans, air monitoring plans, feasibility studies, and technical specifications.  Also evaluated and reported on the data obtained to the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA); participated in client planning meetings, developed overall company approaches to managing the portfolio of sites, and reviewed all documents associated with site work conducted by others prior to submittal to IEPA.
Soil Remediation in a Residential Area, Portsmouth, Virginia Designed and managed a $1.4 million soil remediation project. Authored the predesign sampling program, site work plan, bidding documents, final engineering report, and health and safety plan and all applicable amendments and additional plans.  During fieldwork, oversaw field operations and was responsible for meeting with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, personnel management, client relations, and field engineering.  Developed engineering controls to minimize neighborhood disturbance and management of noise and fugitive emissions; and developed and oversaw plans for vibration and soil density testing and site restoration including drainage, landscaping, and hardscaping. Managed all environmental, health, and safety during field activities, including community and work zone air monitoring, and served as the company and client representative during Virginia Occupational Safety and Health auditing, citation, and informal conference procedures.  Also established and maintained community relations during the remedial activities through meetings with homeowners and neighborhood.

Remedial Design

Site Characterization and Interim Remedial Measures, Brooklyn, New York Served as engineer of record for the site characterization and development and implementation of interim remedial measures (IRMs) to address the metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) detected in soil, soil vapor, and groundwater, and support development of the property in accordance with a NYSDEC order on consent.  The IRMs include a soil cover system, soil vapor remediation system using SVE to address the VOCs detected in soil vapor and groundwater and mitigate the potential for VI into the onsite building and adjacent properties, an environmental easement, and a site management plan.
VI Evaluation and Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Served as the project manager and technical expert for an assessment of the potential for VI to impact the indoor air of current buildings and future construction on an industrial site where fractured bedrock and nonaqueous-phase liquid (NAPL) underlying the buildings is present.  Evaluated the potential and associated health risks with exposure to all impacted (groundwater, soil vapor) environmental media under the current and future onsite and offsite land use scenarios to develop appropriate site management and redevelopment plans.  Also assessed and discussed appropriate remedial measures and controls with the regulatory agency and future property owners, and developed deed restrictions and institutional controls to limit future exposure.  Evaluated appropriate remedial measures to address impacted vadose zone soils and groundwater underlying the site to mitigate the potential for VI into any onsite and offsite current or future buildings.
VI Mitigation System Design, Fairbanks, Alaska Served as the project manager and technical expert overseeing the design and implementation of pilot-scale designs for subslab soil vapor intrusion mitigation systems to determine which design would most efficiently mitigate the potential for VI in bunkers overlying drum storage areas.  Negotiated the work plan approach and selected designs with DOD.
VI Mitigation, Peterborough, New Hampshire Served as the project manager and technical expert overseeing the assessment, design, construction, operation, maintenance, and monitoring of a VI mitigation system in an active manufacturing facility.
Evaluation and Mitigation of VI Pathway, New York, New York Managed development, implementation, and evaluation of a $0.5 million annual soil vapor intrusion sampling program necessary to assess the potential for VI into multiple buildings (footprint of more than 1.1 million square feet) overlying an impacted groundwater plume. Also assessed potential control measures, and, as appropriate, designed and implemented some engineering controls to reduce indoor air concentrations.
Evaluation of Controls to VI Pathway, Webster, New York Managed the development, implementation, and evaluation of soil vapor intrusion sampling program conducted to assess the potential for VI into a 1 million square foot commercial building overlying an impacted groundwater plume.  Also assessed use of active SVE system to mitigate the potential risks associated with this impacted groundwater plume.
VI Assessment, Great Neck, New York Managed the assessment of potential risks associated with an underlying impacted groundwater plume and development of a conceptual VI mitigation system design to reduce these potential risks.
Sediment Dredging and Capping of MGP Wastes, Macon, Georgia Managed and designed a $2 million sediment dredging and capping remediation.  Prepared permit applications and designs, and authored technical specifications for sediment remediation. Also authored the community air monitoring and water quality monitoring plans as well as site work plan and closeout reports, including the final engineering report and the operation and maintenance plan.  During fieldwork, managed field operations, including meetings with the Georgia Environmental Protection Division and local water authority; oversaw water treatment operations and water monitoring program of river and treated waste; and established and maintained community relations during the remedial activities.
Develop and Support Closure Strategy, Former Manufacturing Facility, Bridgeport, Connecticut Served as the project manager overseeing the activities necessary to achieve regulatory closure under Connecticut’s voluntary remediation program at a property formerly used for manufacturing.  Under this role, developed and ensured implementation of activities needed to aid in advancing site characterization and development of remedial approaches and costs necessary to address impacts to soil, groundwater, and NAPL present on the property.
Strategic Planning and Risk Communication, Residential Property, Pittsfield, Massachusetts Served as technical advisor and project manager overseeing selection of appropriate remedial measures, human health evaluations, and community relations.  Provided independent and peer review consulting services, assessing other consultant’s reports and proposed work to evaluate the off-gassing and potential VI impacts, if any, associated with a fuel oil spill that impacted building and subsurface materials.  In addition, assisted the client negotiate appropriate cost allocation for the selected remedial actions.
Assessment of Mercury Indoor Air Impacts, State Educational System, Prairie View, Texas Developed and authored work plans and health and safety plans to assess the indoor air quality within a university building impacted with elemental mercury.  Managed and evaluated all field sampling activities, health and safety, the budget, client relations, and reporting associated with this indoor air quality assessment.  Also developed and authored the necessary access permits and abatement plans to enable reuse of the building.
Technical Specifications, York, Pennsylvania Authored technical specifications and bidding documents associated with the installation of a dense nonaqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) recovery system along a creek.
Site Restoration and Water Management Plans, Utility Client, Exeter, New Hampshire Designed a site restoration plan and site groundwater and stormwater management plans.
Site Management Plan, Olean, New York Developed a site management plan, a required element of the New York State spill response program administered by NYSDEC.  The plan presents a detailed description of all procedures required to manage remaining contamination at the site after completion of the remedial action, including media monitoring, to be conducted under a NYSDEC-approved monitoring plan, and appropriately managing any soils to be excavated—an approach to monitor and handle residual soil and groundwater contamination.  The plan also includes a description of periodic review reports for the periodic submittal of data, information, recommendations, and certifications to NYSDEC.
MGP Site Remediation, Mineral Springs, New York Managed the excavation, rendering, and capping of 12 acres of MGP-impacted soils and sediments. Monitored personnel and community health and safety, and functioned as a liaison between field personnel and client with daily site progress and developments, and as the field engineer. Also authored final reports and site-specific field guide for field technician’s daily activities.
Site Investigation, Remediation, and Strategic Planning, Illinois Served as a technical expert and project manager for MGP sites located throughout Illinois.  As technical expert, oversaw the planning and implementation of site investigation and remediation activities, which included development of work plans, air monitoring plans, feasibility studies, and technical specifications.  Also evaluated and reported on the data obtained to the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA); participated in client planning meetings, developed overall company approaches to managing the portfolio of sites, and reviewed all documents associated with site work conducted by others prior to submittal to IEPA.
Feasibility Study for a MGP Site, Plattsburgh, New York Authored a feasibility study for the $18 million remediation of a former MGP site located along a major river in New York.  Evaluated remedial alternatives for soil, including excavation, in situ solidification using soil auger mixing, and in situ chemical oxidation and groundwater including DNAPL extraction and in situ chemical oxidation.  Developed a pre-design investigation work plan necessary to delineate impacts and extent of the in situ stabilization area, type of shoring needed during excavation activities, installation of DNAPL recovery wells, and pilot-scale studies associated with in situ stabilization slurry mixture and in situ chemical oxidation methods.
In Situ Solidification Pilot Scale Study, Ayer, Massachusetts Managed and provided technical guidance on an MCP pesticide site that was being remediated under an administrative consent order regulated by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection.  Conducted additional site delineation, preparation, observation, and documentation of in situ solidification/stabilization pilot study; prepared the MCP-required documents and necessary permits; negotiated access agreements; and served as the community relations manager.
Passive Groundwater Treatment System, MGP Site, Rome, New York Served as the task manager and design lead for a passive groundwater treatment system to be installed at a former MGP site.  Developed and assessed a groundwater model; evaluated groundwater treatment system design alternatives based on the site-specific conditions and constraints (e.g., limited treatment area, floodplain issues) affecting cost, timing, permitting, and constructability; designed the groundwater treatment system and appropriate treatment media; assessed the chosen treatment media to meet state-determined cleanup guidance criteria and determine the schedule and costs associated with operation, maintenance, and monitoring of the system; and assessed the designed system for permit requirements.
Soil Remediation in a Residential Area, Portsmouth, Virginia Designed and managed a $1.4 million soil remediation project. Authored the predesign sampling program, site work plan, bidding documents, final engineering report, and health and safety plan and all applicable amendments and additional plans.  During fieldwork, oversaw field operations and was responsible for meeting with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, personnel management, client relations, and field engineering.  Developed engineering controls to minimize neighborhood disturbance and management of noise and fugitive emissions; and developed and oversaw plans for vibration and soil density testing and site restoration including drainage, landscaping, and hardscaping. Managed all environmental, health, and safety during field activities, including community and work zone air monitoring, and served as the company and client representative during Virginia Occupational Safety and Health auditing, citation, and informal conference procedures.  Also established and maintained community relations during the remedial activities through meetings with homeowners and neighborhood.

Cost Estimating

Support Property Transfer, Seattle, Washington Served as the project manager and technical expert supporting successful transfer of a property where a potential recognized environmental condition associated with a former auto repair shop was identified by others.  Under this role, reviewed documents and guided proposed Phase II activities with the client and the potential buyer.  Also developed cost estimates for potential remedial alternatives to prevent the potential of VI into the building and addressing groundwater impacted with petroleum-related compounds and trichloroethene.
Cost Estimating, North Loop, Pennsylvania Served as the project director and technical expert peer reviewing and providing guidance to the client on the reasonableness of costs associated with the activities conducted to support management of unanticipated inadvertent fluid return generated during the first days of drilling at the site.  Also provided the client with results of a health and safety audit that was conducted while observing drilling operations.

Water Management

Cost Estimating, North Loop, Pennsylvania Served as the project director and technical expert peer reviewing and providing guidance to the client on the reasonableness of costs associated with the activities conducted to support management of unanticipated inadvertent fluid return generated during the first days of drilling at the site.  Also provided the client with results of a health and safety audit that was conducted while observing drilling operations.

Health And Safety

COVID-19 Planning Support, Private Company, Boston, Massachusetts Supported a company with COVID-19 response planning, including the development and implementation of field and office operating protocols that are consistent with evolving local, state, and federal guidance.
Support Renovation and Lead Abatement, Yonkers, New York Served as a technical expert and liaison between the developer and contractor during renovation activities that identified the presence of lead paint.  Under this role, supported development of protocols to screen the building for lead in paint, dust, and air; and methods to mitigate the potential for lead, if present, to become airborne if disturbed.
Assessment of Mercury Indoor Air Impacts, New York Developed and authored work plans and health and safety plans to assess the indoor air quality within a former business impacted with elemental mercury. Managed and assessed porous material sampling and air results associated with these plans and authored the technical assessment report associated with these activities and findings.
Air Monitoring Plans, Railroad Company, Minnesota Developed community- and work-zone-specific air monitoring plans for arsenic-impacted soil remediation.  The plans were based on HHRAs, state and federal regulations, and government negotiations.
Assessment of Mercury Indoor Air Impacts, State Educational System, Prairie View, Texas Developed and authored work plans and health and safety plans to assess the indoor air quality within a university building impacted with elemental mercury.  Managed and evaluated all field sampling activities, health and safety, the budget, client relations, and reporting associated with this indoor air quality assessment.  Also developed and authored the necessary access permits and abatement plans to enable reuse of the building.
Soil Remediation in a Residential Area, Portsmouth, Virginia Designed and managed a $1.4 million soil remediation project. Authored the predesign sampling program, site work plan, bidding documents, final engineering report, and health and safety plan and all applicable amendments and additional plans.  During fieldwork, oversaw field operations and was responsible for meeting with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, personnel management, client relations, and field engineering.  Developed engineering controls to minimize neighborhood disturbance and management of noise and fugitive emissions; and developed and oversaw plans for vibration and soil density testing and site restoration including drainage, landscaping, and hardscaping. Managed all environmental, health, and safety during field activities, including community and work zone air monitoring, and served as the company and client representative during Virginia Occupational Safety and Health auditing, citation, and informal conference procedures.  Also established and maintained community relations during the remedial activities through meetings with homeowners and neighborhood.
Cost Estimating, North Loop, Pennsylvania Served as the project director and technical expert peer reviewing and providing guidance to the client on the reasonableness of costs associated with the activities conducted to support management of unanticipated inadvertent fluid return generated during the first days of drilling at the site.  Also provided the client with results of a health and safety audit that was conducted while observing drilling operations.

Risk Communication

Site Characterization and Interim Remedial Measures, Brooklyn, New York Served as engineer of record for the site characterization and development and implementation of interim remedial measures (IRMs) to address the metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) detected in soil, soil vapor, and groundwater, and support development of the property in accordance with a NYSDEC order on consent.  The IRMs include a soil cover system, soil vapor remediation system using SVE to address the VOCs detected in soil vapor and groundwater and mitigate the potential for VI into the onsite building and adjacent properties, an environmental easement, and a site management plan.
VI Evaluation and Mitigation, MEW Superfund Site, Mountain View, California Serves as the technical director overseeing the assessment and mitigation, if needed, of the potential for VI to impact the indoor air of commercial and residential properties overlying a groundwater plume impacted by chlorinated solvents.  Develops building-specific sampling plans and sampling events, and VI control system designs; evaluates and reports on the data obtained to EPA; participates in stakeholder meetings; develops community relations materials; and reviews all documents associated with the VI evaluations conducted by others.  In addition, reviews and develops appropriate mitigation measures to prevent VI into the buildings.  As technical director, also prepares and submits the monthly and annual progress reports, and works with the potentially responsible parties and associated consultants to develop a remedial strategy that is protective of public health, in the current and future building residential and commercial scenarios, and the environment.
VI Evaluation, Worcester Township, Pennsylvania As part of a five-year review response, served as the project manager and technical expert who developed, negotiated, and implemented a phased soil vapor intrusion evaluation at an EPA Region 3 National Priority List (NPL) site.  Due to the history of the site, obtaining access and addressing community relations was a key component of completing the work.  Collaborating with the agency and providing constant communication (e.g., development and implementation of phone calls, letters, fact sheets) throughout the evaluation process, selected and assessed “worst case” buildings over the contaminated groundwater plume, resulting in a no further action and protectiveness of public health determination.
VI Evaluation, Mt. Holly, New Jersey Using a multiple-lines-of-evidence approach, as the technical expert and project manager, assessed whether site-related chlorinated VOCs could impact the indoor air quality of buildings overlying the groundwater plume.  Conducted community relations activities including development of fact sheets, obtaining access, and development and transmittal property owner result letters; and negotiated the approach with the regulatory agency which led to sampling only five of the 100 buildings and a no further evaluation determination.
VI Assessment, Albany, New York Served as the project manager and technical expert for an assessment of the potential for subsurface VI to impact the indoor air of a leased space.  The space is located within a strip mall that is listed as a NYSDEC state Superfund program site.  Because the recommended remedy under the NYSDEC-issued record of decision has not been implemented, this included assessing the current indoor air quality and the potential for vapor intrusion to impact indoor air quality in order to assure a safe environment for the client’s employees and customers.
Soil Vapor Assessment, South Charleston, West Virginia Served as project manager and technical expert overseeing development, implementation, and evaluation of a soil vapor assessment.  The evaluation was conducted to assess whether VI mitigation controls would be required to protect indoor air quality should development occur in portions of the site, and to assess whether the current passive VI control measure installed in an occupied building was adequate.  In addition, the soil vapor assessment evaluated whether further VI investigation activities were needed in adjacent offsite residential properties.  Based on the analytical results obtained around the occupied site building, coordinated, evaluated, and communicated the results of an indoor air assessment.
VI Evaluations and Industrial Hygiene, MGP Sites, New York Served as the project manager and developed and authored work plans and health and safety plans to assess the indoor air quality within multiple residential and commercial structures built on top of or adjacent to former MGPs in urban and residential areas.  Managed the budget, client relations, field activities, and reporting of these indoor air quality assessments.  Also authored and provided evaluations of these indoor air analyses compared with soil gas surveys in technical assessment reports and oversaw industrial hygiene monitoring during field activities.
VI Evaluation at MGP Site, Newton, New Jersey Developed and authored work plans and health and safety plans to assess the indoor air quality within multiple commercial structures built on top of a former MGP in an urban area.  Managed the budget, client relations, and reporting associated with these evaluations of potential subsurface VI; and evaluated and reported upon the air and soil gas analyses in a technical assessment report.
Sediment Dredging and Capping of MGP Wastes, Macon, Georgia Managed and designed a $2 million sediment dredging and capping remediation.  Prepared permit applications and designs, and authored technical specifications for sediment remediation. Also authored the community air monitoring and water quality monitoring plans as well as site work plan and closeout reports, including the final engineering report and the operation and maintenance plan.  During fieldwork, managed field operations, including meetings with the Georgia Environmental Protection Division and local water authority; oversaw water treatment operations and water monitoring program of river and treated waste; and established and maintained community relations during the remedial activities.
Development of Soil Cleanup Levels, Sleepy Hollow, New York Using forensic evidence and a review of historical fill and other background sources of contamination, managed the project that determined the areal extent of potential contamination from a former battery manufacturing operation.  Coordinating with many stakeholders and technical experts, also developed soil cleanup levels that were protective of public health and the environment.
Strategic Planning and Risk Communication, Residential Property, Pittsfield, Massachusetts Served as technical advisor and project manager overseeing selection of appropriate remedial measures, human health evaluations, and community relations.  Provided independent and peer review consulting services, assessing other consultant’s reports and proposed work to evaluate the off-gassing and potential VI impacts, if any, associated with a fuel oil spill that impacted building and subsurface materials.  In addition, assisted the client negotiate appropriate cost allocation for the selected remedial actions.
In Situ Solidification Pilot Scale Study, Ayer, Massachusetts Managed and provided technical guidance on an MCP pesticide site that was being remediated under an administrative consent order regulated by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection.  Conducted additional site delineation, preparation, observation, and documentation of in situ solidification/stabilization pilot study; prepared the MCP-required documents and necessary permits; negotiated access agreements; and served as the community relations manager.
Soil Remediation in a Residential Area, Portsmouth, Virginia Designed and managed a $1.4 million soil remediation project. Authored the predesign sampling program, site work plan, bidding documents, final engineering report, and health and safety plan and all applicable amendments and additional plans.  During fieldwork, oversaw field operations and was responsible for meeting with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, personnel management, client relations, and field engineering.  Developed engineering controls to minimize neighborhood disturbance and management of noise and fugitive emissions; and developed and oversaw plans for vibration and soil density testing and site restoration including drainage, landscaping, and hardscaping. Managed all environmental, health, and safety during field activities, including community and work zone air monitoring, and served as the company and client representative during Virginia Occupational Safety and Health auditing, citation, and informal conference procedures.  Also established and maintained community relations during the remedial activities through meetings with homeowners and neighborhood.

Predesign Investigation

Feasibility Study for a MGP Site, Plattsburgh, New York Authored a feasibility study for the $18 million remediation of a former MGP site located along a major river in New York.  Evaluated remedial alternatives for soil, including excavation, in situ solidification using soil auger mixing, and in situ chemical oxidation and groundwater including DNAPL extraction and in situ chemical oxidation.  Developed a pre-design investigation work plan necessary to delineate impacts and extent of the in situ stabilization area, type of shoring needed during excavation activities, installation of DNAPL recovery wells, and pilot-scale studies associated with in situ stabilization slurry mixture and in situ chemical oxidation methods.
In Situ Solidification Pilot Scale Study, Ayer, Massachusetts Managed and provided technical guidance on an MCP pesticide site that was being remediated under an administrative consent order regulated by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection.  Conducted additional site delineation, preparation, observation, and documentation of in situ solidification/stabilization pilot study; prepared the MCP-required documents and necessary permits; negotiated access agreements; and served as the community relations manager.
Soil Remediation in a Residential Area, Portsmouth, Virginia Designed and managed a $1.4 million soil remediation project. Authored the predesign sampling program, site work plan, bidding documents, final engineering report, and health and safety plan and all applicable amendments and additional plans.  During fieldwork, oversaw field operations and was responsible for meeting with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, personnel management, client relations, and field engineering.  Developed engineering controls to minimize neighborhood disturbance and management of noise and fugitive emissions; and developed and oversaw plans for vibration and soil density testing and site restoration including drainage, landscaping, and hardscaping. Managed all environmental, health, and safety during field activities, including community and work zone air monitoring, and served as the company and client representative during Virginia Occupational Safety and Health auditing, citation, and informal conference procedures.  Also established and maintained community relations during the remedial activities through meetings with homeowners and neighborhood.

Remediation Construction Oversight

Site Investigation, Remediation, and Compliance Activities, Waterbury, Connecticut Served as the project manager and technical expert for a former laundering and dry-cleaning facility.  In this role, to assist the client achieve site closure under the Connecticut property transfer program and address a notice of violation associated with PCBs and a underground storage tank (UST), oversaw the planning and implementation of site investigation and remediation activities; assisted with regulatory negotiations with the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection and EPA; and assisted with property transfer requirements including developing an environmental land use restriction.
Oil Spill, Worcester, Massachusetts Served as the technical expert peer reviewing and providing guidance to the client on the activities conducted and proposed to be conducted to address the environmental impacts from an oil spill.  In this role, reviewed and provided insight on the applicability of the activities and costs incurred during the spill response activities, and guided the client with understanding the additional proposed activities and costs to be incurred to meet the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection regulatory requirements for cleanup and reporting.  Also acted as a liaison between the client and the licensed site professional responsible for the remedial actions being taken on the property.
Site Characterization, Remediation, and Strategic Planning, Amherst, New York Served as the project manager and technical expert for two properties undergoing property transactions.  Provided independent and peer review consulting services assessing other consultants’ reports and proposed work to evaluate environmental impacts associated with historical operations on these properties.  Also negotiated between NYSDEC, property buyers and sellers, legal counsel, financial institutions, and other consultants and subcontractors when developing appropriate remedial measures—including VI mitigation, groundwater treatment, soil removal—necessary to obtain NYSDEC site closure and enable sale of the properties.  Once the negotiations were complete, wrote NYSDEC and stakeholder-approved work plans and reports, as well as oversaw implementation of the work conducted and supported sale of the properties.
Site Investigation, Remediation, and Strategic Planning, Illinois Served as a technical expert and project manager for MGP sites located throughout Illinois.  As technical expert, oversaw the planning and implementation of site investigation and remediation activities, which included development of work plans, air monitoring plans, feasibility studies, and technical specifications.  Also evaluated and reported on the data obtained to the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA); participated in client planning meetings, developed overall company approaches to managing the portfolio of sites, and reviewed all documents associated with site work conducted by others prior to submittal to IEPA.
Soil Remediation in a Residential Area, Portsmouth, Virginia Designed and managed a $1.4 million soil remediation project. Authored the predesign sampling program, site work plan, bidding documents, final engineering report, and health and safety plan and all applicable amendments and additional plans.  During fieldwork, oversaw field operations and was responsible for meeting with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, personnel management, client relations, and field engineering.  Developed engineering controls to minimize neighborhood disturbance and management of noise and fugitive emissions; and developed and oversaw plans for vibration and soil density testing and site restoration including drainage, landscaping, and hardscaping. Managed all environmental, health, and safety during field activities, including community and work zone air monitoring, and served as the company and client representative during Virginia Occupational Safety and Health auditing, citation, and informal conference procedures.  Also established and maintained community relations during the remedial activities through meetings with homeowners and neighborhood.

Groundwater Remediation

Passive Groundwater Treatment System, MGP Site, Rome, New York Served as the task manager and design lead for a passive groundwater treatment system to be installed at a former MGP site.  Developed and assessed a groundwater model; evaluated groundwater treatment system design alternatives based on the site-specific conditions and constraints (e.g., limited treatment area, floodplain issues) affecting cost, timing, permitting, and constructability; designed the groundwater treatment system and appropriate treatment media; assessed the chosen treatment media to meet state-determined cleanup guidance criteria and determine the schedule and costs associated with operation, maintenance, and monitoring of the system; and assessed the designed system for permit requirements.

Planning and Permitting

Strategic Planning and Site Closure, Gowanda, New York Serves as engineer of record for a hazardous waste landfill from the NYSDEC state Superfund program.  Works with the client and its representatives to negotiate the order on consent (and amendments), develop and implement the site management plan, construct an erosion control measure, and conduct OMM activities, and annual reporting.
Sediment Dredging and Capping of MGP Wastes, Macon, Georgia Managed and designed a $2 million sediment dredging and capping remediation.  Prepared permit applications and designs, and authored technical specifications for sediment remediation. Also authored the community air monitoring and water quality monitoring plans as well as site work plan and closeout reports, including the final engineering report and the operation and maintenance plan.  During fieldwork, managed field operations, including meetings with the Georgia Environmental Protection Division and local water authority; oversaw water treatment operations and water monitoring program of river and treated waste; and established and maintained community relations during the remedial activities.
Pond Sediment and Wetland Rehabilitation, Wrentham, Massachusetts Managed a dig-and-haul sediment remediation with wetland restoration in the permitting phase for a Massachusetts Contingency Plan (MCP) site.  Activities associated with this work include permitting at the federal (i.e., 401 Water Quality Certifications and a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers [USACE] individual permit) and local (i.e., order of conditions) levels, negotiating access agreements, community relations, and working with the client’s environmental contractors.
Site Investigation, Remediation, and Compliance Activities, Cato, New York Served as the project manager and technical expert overseeing the assessment, removal, and proper disposal of buried pesticides and surrounding impacted soils.  Participated in negotiations with representatives of the NYSDEC Bureau of Pesticide Management (BPM), Spills Division, and environmental conservation police officers to develop and implement a NYSDEC-approved investigation and remediation work plan necessary to achieve site closure.  Also participated in a NYSDEC BPM audit and follow-up activities including annual pesticide reporting; conducted an environmental assessment of the farm and farm operations and assisted the farm to comply with the NYSDEC petroleum bulk storage regulations and chemical use and storage requirements; and provided training on pesticide/herbicide use and management to farm personnel.  In addition, prepared and submitted the NYSDEC required progress reports.
Assessment of Mercury Indoor Air Impacts, State Educational System, Prairie View, Texas Developed and authored work plans and health and safety plans to assess the indoor air quality within a university building impacted with elemental mercury.  Managed and evaluated all field sampling activities, health and safety, the budget, client relations, and reporting associated with this indoor air quality assessment.  Also developed and authored the necessary access permits and abatement plans to enable reuse of the building.
In Situ Solidification Pilot Scale Study, Ayer, Massachusetts Managed and provided technical guidance on an MCP pesticide site that was being remediated under an administrative consent order regulated by the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection.  Conducted additional site delineation, preparation, observation, and documentation of in situ solidification/stabilization pilot study; prepared the MCP-required documents and necessary permits; negotiated access agreements; and served as the community relations manager.

Feasibility Studies

Feasibility Study for a MGP Site, Plattsburgh, New York Authored a feasibility study for the $18 million remediation of a former MGP site located along a major river in New York.  Evaluated remedial alternatives for soil, including excavation, in situ solidification using soil auger mixing, and in situ chemical oxidation and groundwater including DNAPL extraction and in situ chemical oxidation.  Developed a pre-design investigation work plan necessary to delineate impacts and extent of the in situ stabilization area, type of shoring needed during excavation activities, installation of DNAPL recovery wells, and pilot-scale studies associated with in situ stabilization slurry mixture and in situ chemical oxidation methods.

Site Investigation

Site Investigation, Remediation, and Compliance Activities, Cato, New York Served as the project manager and technical expert overseeing the assessment, removal, and proper disposal of buried pesticides and surrounding impacted soils.  Participated in negotiations with representatives of the NYSDEC Bureau of Pesticide Management (BPM), Spills Division, and environmental conservation police officers to develop and implement a NYSDEC-approved investigation and remediation work plan necessary to achieve site closure.  Also participated in a NYSDEC BPM audit and follow-up activities including annual pesticide reporting; conducted an environmental assessment of the farm and farm operations and assisted the farm to comply with the NYSDEC petroleum bulk storage regulations and chemical use and storage requirements; and provided training on pesticide/herbicide use and management to farm personnel.  In addition, prepared and submitted the NYSDEC required progress reports.
Site Investigation, Remediation, and Compliance Activities, Waterbury, Connecticut Served as the project manager and technical expert for a former laundering and dry-cleaning facility.  In this role, to assist the client achieve site closure under the Connecticut property transfer program and address a notice of violation associated with PCBs and a underground storage tank (UST), oversaw the planning and implementation of site investigation and remediation activities; assisted with regulatory negotiations with the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection and EPA; and assisted with property transfer requirements including developing an environmental land use restriction.
Site Investigation, Remediation, and Strategic Planning, Illinois Served as a technical expert and project manager for MGP sites located throughout Illinois.  As technical expert, oversaw the planning and implementation of site investigation and remediation activities, which included development of work plans, air monitoring plans, feasibility studies, and technical specifications.  Also evaluated and reported on the data obtained to the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA); participated in client planning meetings, developed overall company approaches to managing the portfolio of sites, and reviewed all documents associated with site work conducted by others prior to submittal to IEPA.

Stormwater Management

Site Restoration and Water Management Plans, Utility Client, Exeter, New Hampshire Designed a site restoration plan and site groundwater and stormwater management plans.

Site Development

Site Characterization and Interim Remedial Measures, Brooklyn, New York Served as engineer of record for the site characterization and development and implementation of interim remedial measures (IRMs) to address the metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) detected in soil, soil vapor, and groundwater, and support development of the property in accordance with a NYSDEC order on consent.  The IRMs include a soil cover system, soil vapor remediation system using SVE to address the VOCs detected in soil vapor and groundwater and mitigate the potential for VI into the onsite building and adjacent properties, an environmental easement, and a site management plan.
VI Evaluation and Mitigation, MEW Superfund Site, Mountain View, California Serves as the technical director overseeing the assessment and mitigation, if needed, of the potential for VI to impact the indoor air of commercial and residential properties overlying a groundwater plume impacted by chlorinated solvents.  Develops building-specific sampling plans and sampling events, and VI control system designs; evaluates and reports on the data obtained to EPA; participates in stakeholder meetings; develops community relations materials; and reviews all documents associated with the VI evaluations conducted by others.  In addition, reviews and develops appropriate mitigation measures to prevent VI into the buildings.  As technical director, also prepares and submits the monthly and annual progress reports, and works with the potentially responsible parties and associated consultants to develop a remedial strategy that is protective of public health, in the current and future building residential and commercial scenarios, and the environment.
VI Evaluation and Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Served as the project manager and technical expert for an assessment of the potential for VI to impact the indoor air of current buildings and future construction on an industrial site where fractured bedrock and nonaqueous-phase liquid (NAPL) underlying the buildings is present.  Evaluated the potential and associated health risks with exposure to all impacted (groundwater, soil vapor) environmental media under the current and future onsite and offsite land use scenarios to develop appropriate site management and redevelopment plans.  Also assessed and discussed appropriate remedial measures and controls with the regulatory agency and future property owners, and developed deed restrictions and institutional controls to limit future exposure.  Evaluated appropriate remedial measures to address impacted vadose zone soils and groundwater underlying the site to mitigate the potential for VI into any onsite and offsite current or future buildings.
VI Evaluation, Odenton, Maryland Using a multiple-lines-of-evidence approach, assessed whether residual concentration of tetrachloroethene in soil vapor could impact indoor air of newly constructed apartment buildings via the VI pathway or if mitigation measures are necessary.  As project manager and technical expert, also participated in regulatory negotiations and development of a site management plan.
VI Assessment, Princeton Junction, New Jersey Served as the project director and technical expert for an assessment of the potential for subsurface VI to impact the indoor air of a manufacturing facility.  The facility is being decommissioned and operations are ceasing.  As part of the decommissioning process, an environmental assessment was conducted that indicated the presence of chlorinated solvents in shallow groundwater within 100 feet of the manufacturing building.  This information triggered the need for a VI assessment in accordance with the NJDEP Technical Requirements for Site Remediation.  Due to the changing conditions with the building use, this included negotiating an assessment approach that meets the regulatory requirements and provides a safe environment for the client’s employees while they remain at the facility.
VI Mitigation and Property Closure Strategy, Mountain View, California Served as the technical expert supporting development of a conceptual VI mitigation design for each of the five proposed buildings to be constructed on a property.  This task included supporting discussions with EPA to understand the remedial objectives of groundwater that will enable use of passive VI mitigation systems in the proposed buildings.
Compliance Activities, Southeastern Massachusetts Served as the project manager overseeing the activities necessary to achieve regulatory closure under the MCP and confirm compliance with the conditions of the closure at three different sites.  Under this role, ensured site reconnaissance activities were conducted to confirm compliance with the activity and use limitation and agreement and restriction documents imposed on each property; responded to questions from the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, town officials, or the property owners, as needed; coordinated with the new property owners regarding redevelopment; and managed decommissioning of onsite monitoring wells, as appropriate.  Also acted as the liaison between the licensed site professional, and representatives of the client and property owners.
Support Renovation and Lead Abatement, Yonkers, New York Served as a technical expert and liaison between the developer and contractor during renovation activities that identified the presence of lead paint.  Under this role, supported development of protocols to screen the building for lead in paint, dust, and air; and methods to mitigate the potential for lead, if present, to become airborne if disturbed.
Assess Potential for VI to Support Property Transfer, New York, New York Served as the project manager and technical expert supporting successful transfer of a mixed-use property where the potential for VI was identified by others.  Under this role, reviewed a Phase I environmental site assessment, indoor air sample results, and documents associated with a historical gasoline release that was properly addressed in accordance with NYSDEC regulations.
Due Diligence Support, New York, New York Reviewed environmental investigation reports and provided environmental due diligence services in connection with contemplated investment in the redevelopment of a property in New York, New York.  In particular, assessed all documents and provided guidance to the property buyer and its respective legal and insurance teams on how the redevelopment plans would need to meet the regulatory requirements of the NYSDEC BCP.

Remedial Investigation

Pharmaceutical and PFAS Investigation, Syracuse, New York Serves as engineer of record for the delineation of pharmaceutical-related compounds and PFAS in soil, sediment, surface water, and groundwater to support evaluating risk to human and ecological receptors and development of a property in the New York State Brownfield Cleanup Program (BCP).  Also responsible for the remedial activities being conducted on other portions of the property that are not part of the BCP.
Support Property Transfer, Seattle, Washington Served as the project manager and technical expert supporting successful transfer of a property where a potential recognized environmental condition associated with a former auto repair shop was identified by others.  Under this role, reviewed documents and guided proposed Phase II activities with the client and the potential buyer.  Also developed cost estimates for potential remedial alternatives to prevent the potential of VI into the building and addressing groundwater impacted with petroleum-related compounds and trichloroethene.

Cost Allocation

Strategic Planning and Risk Communication, Residential Property, Pittsfield, Massachusetts Served as technical advisor and project manager overseeing selection of appropriate remedial measures, human health evaluations, and community relations.  Provided independent and peer review consulting services, assessing other consultant’s reports and proposed work to evaluate the off-gassing and potential VI impacts, if any, associated with a fuel oil spill that impacted building and subsurface materials.  In addition, assisted the client negotiate appropriate cost allocation for the selected remedial actions.
Oil Spill, Worcester, Massachusetts Served as the technical expert peer reviewing and providing guidance to the client on the activities conducted and proposed to be conducted to address the environmental impacts from an oil spill.  In this role, reviewed and provided insight on the applicability of the activities and costs incurred during the spill response activities, and guided the client with understanding the additional proposed activities and costs to be incurred to meet the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection regulatory requirements for cleanup and reporting.  Also acted as a liaison between the client and the licensed site professional responsible for the remedial actions being taken on the property.

PCB Modeling

Site Investigation, Remediation, and Compliance Activities, Waterbury, Connecticut Served as the project manager and technical expert for a former laundering and dry-cleaning facility.  In this role, to assist the client achieve site closure under the Connecticut property transfer program and address a notice of violation associated with PCBs and a underground storage tank (UST), oversaw the planning and implementation of site investigation and remediation activities; assisted with regulatory negotiations with the Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection and EPA; and assisted with property transfer requirements including developing an environmental land use restriction.

Site Characterization

PFAS Investigation, Plattsburgh, New York Working with the responsible party, EPA and New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC), serves as engineer of record for the delineation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil, sediment, surface water, and groundwater, which are used in assessing risk to human and ecological receptors.
Pharmaceutical and PFAS Investigation, Syracuse, New York Serves as engineer of record for the delineation of pharmaceutical-related compounds and PFAS in soil, sediment, surface water, and groundwater to support evaluating risk to human and ecological receptors and development of a property in the New York State Brownfield Cleanup Program (BCP).  Also responsible for the remedial activities being conducted on other portions of the property that are not part of the BCP.
Site Characterization and Interim Remedial Measures, Brooklyn, New York Served as engineer of record for the site characterization and development and implementation of interim remedial measures (IRMs) to address the metals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) detected in soil, soil vapor, and groundwater, and support development of the property in accordance with a NYSDEC order on consent.  The IRMs include a soil cover system, soil vapor remediation system using SVE to address the VOCs detected in soil vapor and groundwater and mitigate the potential for VI into the onsite building and adjacent properties, an environmental easement, and a site management plan.
VI Assessment, Princeton Junction, New Jersey Served as the project director and technical expert for an assessment of the potential for subsurface VI to impact the indoor air of a manufacturing facility.  The facility is being decommissioned and operations are ceasing.  As part of the decommissioning process, an environmental assessment was conducted that indicated the presence of chlorinated solvents in shallow groundwater within 100 feet of the manufacturing building.  This information triggered the need for a VI assessment in accordance with the NJDEP Technical Requirements for Site Remediation.  Due to the changing conditions with the building use, this included negotiating an assessment approach that meets the regulatory requirements and provides a safe environment for the client’s employees while they remain at the facility.
Develop and Support Closure Strategy, Former Manufacturing Facility, Bridgeport, Connecticut Served as the project manager overseeing the activities necessary to achieve regulatory closure under Connecticut’s voluntary remediation program at a property formerly used for manufacturing.  Under this role, developed and ensured implementation of activities needed to aid in advancing site characterization and development of remedial approaches and costs necessary to address impacts to soil, groundwater, and NAPL present on the property.

Site Remediation

Site Investigation, Remediation, and Compliance Activities, Cato, New York Served as the project manager and technical expert overseeing the assessment, removal, and proper disposal of buried pesticides and surrounding impacted soils.  Participated in negotiations with representatives of the NYSDEC Bureau of Pesticide Management (BPM), Spills Division, and environmental conservation police officers to develop and implement a NYSDEC-approved investigation and remediation work plan necessary to achieve site closure.  Also participated in a NYSDEC BPM audit and follow-up activities including annual pesticide reporting; conducted an environmental assessment of the farm and farm operations and assisted the farm to comply with the NYSDEC petroleum bulk storage regulations and chemical use and storage requirements; and provided training on pesticide/herbicide use and management to farm personnel.  In addition, prepared and submitted the NYSDEC required progress reports.

Ecological Risk Assessment

Development of Soil Cleanup Levels, Sleepy Hollow, New York Using forensic evidence and a review of historical fill and other background sources of contamination, managed the project that determined the areal extent of potential contamination from a former battery manufacturing operation.  Coordinating with many stakeholders and technical experts, also developed soil cleanup levels that were protective of public health and the environment.

Mining

Development of Compliance Management System, United States Developed a compliance management system (CMS) to provide client a set of environmental standards and practices by which to operate.  The CMS is designed to standardize and formalize the practices and programs used to maintain, track, and improve environmental performance throughout the company.  The CMS includes a corporate-level policy that establishes client’s commitment to environmental performance; a high level document that presents the processes client will use to manage its environmental programs; written procedures that define how the company manages its environmental programs from a systems standpoint; written documents that describe an interpretation of each applicable regulatory requirement; and operation-specific procedures detailing how the operation will comply with the each of the applicable regulatory programs.  As a result of implementing the CMS, client has seen marked improvement in environmental performance throughout its operations.  In addition, this project resulted in being named as the CMS consultant in a consent decree with EPA to address water quality matters at these operations.

Surface Water Management

Sediment Dredging and Capping of MGP Wastes, Macon, Georgia Managed and designed a $2 million sediment dredging and capping remediation.  Prepared permit applications and designs, and authored technical specifications for sediment remediation. Also authored the community air monitoring and water quality monitoring plans as well as site work plan and closeout reports, including the final engineering report and the operation and maintenance plan.  During fieldwork, managed field operations, including meetings with the Georgia Environmental Protection Division and local water authority; oversaw water treatment operations and water monitoring program of river and treated waste; and established and maintained community relations during the remedial activities.

Surface Water Monitoring

Sediment Dredging and Capping of MGP Wastes, Macon, Georgia Managed and designed a $2 million sediment dredging and capping remediation.  Prepared permit applications and designs, and authored technical specifications for sediment remediation. Also authored the community air monitoring and water quality monitoring plans as well as site work plan and closeout reports, including the final engineering report and the operation and maintenance plan.  During fieldwork, managed field operations, including meetings with the Georgia Environmental Protection Division and local water authority; oversaw water treatment operations and water monitoring program of river and treated waste; and established and maintained community relations during the remedial activities.

Industrial Wastewater

Waste Water Treatment System, Selkirk, New York As engineer of record, oversaw design of modifying a wastewater treatment facility (WWTF).  To improve system efficiency, worked with the client to modify the current system to include recirculation methods and automation controlling the water that enters the WWTF and discharges to a river under a State Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (SPDES) permit.  Also oversaw modifications to the treatment chain, including pilot studies to select the appropriate ion exchange material, to address the elevated levels of zinc detected in the effluent.

Phytoremediation

Leachate Management, Gowanda, New York Serves as engineer of record for a solid waste landfill that will use engineered phytoremediation (TreeWell® system) to manage leachate and transfer the landfill’s OMM requirements from post-closure care to custodial care.

Welt, S.B., and C.P. Raymond. 2015.  Aerated floors for green and sustainable mitigation of vapor intrusion to indoor air.  High Profile  October 14.  http://www.high-profile.com/aerated-floors-for-green-and-sustainable-mitigation-of-vapor-intrusion-to-indoor-air

Babyak, A., and S.B. Welt.  2005.  Vapor intrusion mitigation engineering controls:  Comparison of methods, costs and implementation.  Paper #1298.  Air &Waste Management Association.  June.

Leuschner, A., and S.B. Welt.  2003.  Contained recovery of oily wastes Brodhead Creek NPL site, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.  GRI Report.  September.

Leuschner, A., Welt, S.B., and J. Greacen.  2003.  In situ bioremediation of intertidal zone sediments, Salem, Massachusetts.  GRI Report.  September.

Shearer, S.B.  2010.  Effective communication demonstrating the need for open, honest, and timely responses to stakeholder concerns.  EPHLI Thesis, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Environmental Public Health Leadership Institute, Atlanta, GA.

Welt, S.B.  2001.  The environmental risks associated with bladder cancer in Monroe County.  Master’s Thesis.  University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY.

Welt, S.B.  1999.  Colloidal transport of heavy metals via preferential flow paths.  Master’s Thesis.  Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.

Welt, S.B. 2019. Improving community relations. Panel Discussion. MGP Conference. October 7, Philadelphia, PA.

Welt, S.B. 2014. Taught three-day course Environment Health and Safety Issues to Capital Region Building Owners and Managers Association.  Course provided information necessary to develop and manage proactive environmental/occupational health and safety programs, comply with regulatory standards and guidelines, and assess when to obtain technical assistance. December 8‒10, Albany, NY

Welt, S.B. 2014. Taught three-day course Design, Operation, and Maintenance of Building Systems to Capital Region Building Owners and Managers Association.  Course provided information necessary to increase occupant safety and comfort while facilitating building efficiency to meet the business goals of an organization. March 10–12, Albany, NY.

Welt, S.B., 2010. Taught three-day course Environment Health and Safety Issues to Capital Region Building Owners and Managers Association.  Course provided information necessary to develop and manage proactive environmental/occupational health and safety programs, comply with regulatory standards and guidelines, and assess when to obtain technical assistance. September 7–9, Albany, NY.

Welt, S.B. 2014. Vapor intrusion at MGP sites:  Is it a complete exposure pathway? Presentation at the Fifth International Symposium and Exhibition on the Redevelopment of Manufactured Gas Plant Sites, April 8, Destin, FL.

Putnam, R, and S. Welt. 2013. Treatment of 1,4-dioxane in groundwater. Manuscript and presentation at the Association for Environmental Health and Sciences 23rd Annual Meeting and West Coast Conference on Soils, Sediments, and Water, March 19, San Diego, CA.

Welt, S.B. 2013. The value of open communication. Poster presented at the Association for Environmental Health and Sciences 23rd Annual Meeting and West Coast Conference on Soils, Sediments, and Water, March 19, San Diego, CA.

Welt, S.B., and E. Lovenduski. 2013. Sustainable mitigation for vapor intrusion. Presentation at the Air and Waste Management Meeting, May 8, Albany, NY.

Welt, S.B. 2013. Update on vapor intrusion pathway and USEPA guidance documents. Presentation at the Air and Waste Management Meeting, May 8, Albany, NY.

McAlary, T., R. Ettinger, S. Welt, J. Kurtz, D. Folkes, and W. Wertz. 2013. Update on the USEPA OSWER guidance for vapor intrusion. Presentation at the University Consortium for Field-Focused Groundwater Contamination Research Program for Annual Progress Meeting, May 30‒31, The Arboretum, University of Guelph, Guelph, CA.

Welt, S.B., F. Legall, and M. Singer. 2012. Developing groundwater clean-up levels based on the vapor intrusion pathway. Presentation at Air & Waste Management Association’s Vapor Intrusion Conference & Exhibition, October 3, Denver, CO.

Welt, S.B., and L. Sigler. 2012. The value of open communication. Poster presented at Air & Waste Management Association’s Vapor Intrusion Conference & Exhibition, October 3, Denver, CO.

Shearer, S.B., and G. Wroblewski. 2006.  Vapor intrusion: Data evaluation. Presentation at the New Jersey Water Environment Association and New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Technical and Regulatory Update Seminar, June 14, East Brunswick, NJ.

Welt, S.B. 2006. Vapor intrusion mitigation engineering controls: Comparison of methods, costs, and implementation. Presentation at Association for Environmental Health and Sciences 16th Annual Meeting and West Coast Conference on Soils, Sediments, and Water, March 15, San Diego, CA.

Welt, S.B., and G. Wroblewski 2005. Indoor air sampling methods:  Why, how, and what can go wrong. Presentation at the New Jersey Water Environment Association and New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Technical and Regulatory Update Seminar, October 21, East Brunswick, NJ.

Welt, S.B. 2005. Vapor intrusion mitigation engineering controls: Comparison of methods, costs, and implementation. Presentation at Air & Waste Management Association’s 98th Annual Conference and Exhibition, June 24, Minneapolis, MN.

Welt, S.B. 2003. How to handle a regulatory inspection. April 26, Pittsburgh, PA.

Welt, S.B. 2002. Sediment remediation. March 15, Salt Lake City, UT, 2002.

Welt, S.B. 2002. Risk-based management of sediments. March 14, Salt Lake City, UT.

Welt, S.B. 2002. How can we incorporate bioavailability to determine risk when managing MGP‑impacted sediments? March 14, Salt Lake City, UT.

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