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Avram Frankel, P.E.

Avram Frankel, P.E.
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Avram Frankel, P.E.
Chief Operating Officer

Avram Frankel, P.E.

Chief Operating Officer (415) 787-6301 San Francisco, CA afrankel@integral-corp.com

Mr. Avram Frankel is a professional engineer, technical expert, and program manager with more than 30 years of experience on a wide range of commercial/industrial, municipal, state, and federal projects regulated under numerous state and federal programs. A civil and environmental engineer licensed in California, Oregon, Washington, Colorado, Georgia, and Hawaii, Mr. Frankel provides his clients with strategic risk management and technical analysis in support of due diligence, redevelopment, technology evaluation, site investigation, water treatment, remediation, and legal/litigation matters. With a focus on enhancing health and safety, restoration of drinking water aquifers, and delivery of drinking water, he has overseen the design, costing, installation, and optimization of groundwater remediation and water treatment systems across the U.S. over a wide range of site scales, geologies, and technical complexities. As a program manager and technical strategist, Mr. Frankel’s experience on large, complex, and performance-based projects is extensive, including the successful remediation of plumes measured in miles in challenging stakeholder environments and under litigation or settlement conditions. He has also served as a consulting and testifying expert on numerous litigation matters, including pre-trial and trial testimony.

Over his career, Mr. Frankel has addressed emerging contaminants of the past and present, including hexavalent chromium, perchlorate, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), and 1,2,3-trichloropropane (1,2,3-TCP). A seasoned practitioner, he has considerable expertise in the preparation of high-stakes deliverables, incentive-based contract documents, expert technical reports, cost evaluations, and risk-reducing strategies to achieve environmental goals for an appropriate lifecycle cost.

EPA Releases Final Drinking Water Standards for PFAS Chemicals

Resource

April 11 2024

EPA Releases Final Drinking Water Standards for PFAS Chemicals

Press Release

April 10 2024

Coupled Aquifer Restoration and Water Reuse and Application of Sustainable Remediation Solutions

Video

August 03 2023

PFAS State Regulation of Drinking Water, Groundwater, and Surface Water: A Look Back

Poster

March 27 2023

EPA Proposes the First National Primary Drinking Water Regulations for any PFAS Chemical

Press Release

March 14 2023

WWJ Catching Up with Avram Frankel, PE, April 2019

Video

June 09 2022

Thirsty to know more about PFAS regulations in your state?

Press Release

January 27 2022

State-By-State PFAS Regulatory Map

Resource

October 15 2021

Colorado’s Current & Future PFAS Regulation in a National Context: Logan Uselman to Present at CEMS Conference

Press Release

September 09 2021

PFAS Resources: Avram Frankel Authors Paper in Groundwater Journal

Press Release

May 05 2021

Integral Presents on Bioremediation, PFAS, Vapor Intrusion, and 3D Modeling at AEHS Conference

Press Release

March 18 2021

On Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances: Suggested Resources and Considerations for Groundwater Professionals

White Paper

March 01 2021

Site Remediation

Chlorinated Solvent Remediation, Multiple Sites, Northern California Directing the evaluation and remediation of multiple chlorinated solvent sites in Northern California under Regional Board and local voluntary cleanup oversight. Sites involve implementation of a variety of ex situ and in situ groundwater treatment technologies in drinking water aquifers including enhanced reductive dechlorination (ERD), zero-valent iron chemical reduction, colloidal activated carbon adsorption, and use of permeable reactive barriers.
Reese Center, Reese Air Force Base, Lubbock, Texas Served as program director for implementation of $43.5 million drinking aquifer restoration RCRA project that achieved regulatory closure under a performance-based contract. Remediation included 200-gpm directed groundwater recirculation system with granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment and in situ ERD to treat a 3-mile-long trichloroethylene (TCE) plume in the Ogallala aquifer resulting from industrial sewer releases. Within 6 years, the plume footprint was reduced by 90 percent. All compliance wells achieved maximum contaminant levels 8 years from installation of systems. Oversaw soil remediation activities. Negotiated multiple RCRA permit modifications. Robust groundwater fate and transport modeling supported all groundwater remediation and guided adaptive design and remedy optimization. This is one of the largest cleanups and closure of a TCE plume of this magnitude to date in the U.S.
Downey Landing, Downey, California Served a s the program director for the guaranteed closure of a $16 million Phoenix award–winning aquifer restoration project in a drinking water aquifer that achieved regulatory closure under a voluntary cleanup program. This guaranteed remediation of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) in a drinking water aquifer was implemented on behalf of a multiple stakeholder group and facilitated a massive site redevelopment, including retail center, movie studio, and new hospital. Oversaw ERD remediation of a 1.5-mile-long plume before, during, and after redevelopment under a voluntary remediation program. Project included soil closure after soil vapor extraction and in situ chemical oxidation remediation. Negotiated groundwater closure framework with the state based on site-specific, attenuation-based cleanup goals. Creative approach addressed commingled plume issues discovered after contract execution. Achieved no further action for groundwater.
RCRA Corrective Action, Brunswick, Georgia Served as principal-in-charge for the assessment and development of remedial alternatives to address volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at an active industrial site. Developed alternate integrated remedial approach to address offsite plume migration and meet RCRA regulatory goals while addressing third-party litigation. Led team that reinterpreted conceptual site model to support revised interim corrective action approach.
Drinking Water Treatment System Design, Fresno County, California Oversaw evaluation of 1,2,3-TCP treatment requirements for a two-well private water supply system and design of a GAC wellhead treatment system to remove 1,2,3-TCP including construction cost estimate.
Former Cooling Tower Manufacturing Site, Merced, California Led development of remedial approach and fixed price costing for the $15 million guaranteed remediation of a large hexavalent chromium and arsenic groundwater plume in a drinking water aquifer. Performed optimization of existing 500-gpm groundwater extraction and treatment system to meet compliance goals and reduce operating costs. Oversaw development and implementation of soil and in situ bioremediation groundwater remedies.
Guaranteed Remediation Program for Seven Power Plants, Various Sites, Texas Served as program director for the $26 million guaranteed closure of 36 areas of concern at 7 power plant sites in south Texas. Liability transfer facilitated repowering/redevelopment of critical energy resources. Implemented a variety of soil and groundwater remediation programs to complement risk-based closure approaches. Within 7 years, all sites were closed via multiple innovative regulatory and technical strategies under the Texas Risk Reduction Program.
Soil and Groundwater Remediation at Former Pesticide Plant, Lathrop, California Served as senior advisor for development of an alternative aquifer restoration strategy to significantly enhance mass removal and close a longstanding liability. Alternative included aggressive excavation of source soil fumigant and sulfolane mass in soil and in situ delivery of oxygen to address shallow groundwater source zones. In addition, the program included a 300 gpm revised groundwater extraction, GAC/bioreactor treatment, and reinjection system that dramatically increased mass removal to reduce lifecycle costs. Negotiated complex waste discharge requirements permit revision to support system modifications, including innovative groundwater containment and background monitoring program for both the shallow and regional aquifers.
Soil and Groundwater Remediation at Former Ordnance Facility, Hollister, California Served as project manager and lead engineer for a site impacted with hexavalent chromium, chlorinated solvents, and perchlorate. Implemented in situ anaerobic bioremediation in source areas, resulting in significant decreases in groundwater chemical concentrations, including achievement of perchlorate and hexavalent chromium soil and groundwater cleanup goals. Achieved first perchlorate cleanup in vadose soil using in situ biological reduction methods. Led design, procurement, construction oversight, commissioning, and operation of a 250-gpm groundwater containment system, including bioreactor and GAC to treat anions and CVOCs.
Guaranteed Remediation Program, Del Monte Center, Monterey, California Served as program director for performance-based remediation of CVOCs in fractured bedrock at a former dry cleaner's site at an active downtown outdoor mall. Implemented soil excavation, soil vapor extraction for soils, and in situ ERD systems for soil and groundwater in a drinking water aquifer. Site liability reduced to limited monitoring program.
Former Pharmaceuticals Plant, Flint River, Albany, Georgia Served as program director for $13 million guaranteed remediation of multiple groundwater plumes in a drinking water aquifer and more than 50 RCRA units to facilitate site demolition and redevelopment. Oversaw costing, design, and implementation of soil and groundwater remedial systems and negotiation of RCRA permit modifications. Systems included air sparging, soil vapor extraction, and in situ anaerobic oxidation to address multiple toluene and methylene chloride plumes.
Guaranteed Remediation Program, Fig Garden Village, Clovis, California Served as program director for performance-based remediation of VOCs in deep groundwater in a drinking water aquifer at a former dry cleaner's site at an active outdoor mall. Completed all remediation in 10 years and protected multiple nearby city water supply wells from adverse impacts. Site liability reduced to annual monitoring.
Baylands Recovery Project, Menlo Park, California Served as project manager and lead engineer for the completion of a remedial action plan and remedial design for a lead-impacted salt pond and upland area. Despite difficult regulatory, environmental, and technical implementability concerns given the soft site sediments, the remedial action plan and remedial design were accepted by all stakeholders within the required project timeframe and resulted in regulatory closure.
Product Recovery and Groundwater Treatment, Port of Oakland, Oakland, California Served as project manager and lead engineer for a diesel product recovery and GAC and groundwater treatment system associated with Vision 2000 port redevelopment. System design was completed quickly to meet the port’s compliance, financial, and engineering requirements. Oversaw system design, construction, startup, and operation. Efforts resulted in rapid completion of construction in midst of port terminal expansion and regulatory closure.
Singer-Friden State Superfund Site, San Leandro, California Project manager and design engineer for a 200-gpm GAC groundwater remediation system to treat CVOCs to drinking water cleanup goals. Led design, procurement, construction oversight, and system commissioning. Efforts resulted in completion of key client milestone on time and on budget.
Lorentz Barrel and Drum Superfund Site, San Jose, California Designed large dual-phase extraction system at this Superfund site to treat soil and groundwater including GAC treatment for CVOCs and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes in soil vapor and groundwater. Oversaw design, procurement, construction, and commissioning of groundwater remediation system and asphaltic concrete cap. Earned a commendation from EPA for completing the remedial action on time and on budget.

PFAS Investigation and Remediation

Fire Training Area Assessment and Remediation, Denver County, Colorado Principal in charge for the investigation and remediation of a fire training area with PFAS in soil and groundwater overlying a drinking water aquifer. Successfully advanced site into state voluntary cleanup program. Completed site investigations, preliminary remedial alternatives evaluation, pre-design studies, soil remedy design, and implementation of soil excavation and capping interim measures. Currently designing in situ colloidal activated carbon (CAC) interim remedial measure and overseeing development of comprehensive regional conceptual site model.
Paulsboro Well #7 Drinking Water Treatment, Paulsboro, New Jersey Senior technical advisor for the design, construction, and commissioning of a 1,000-gpm PFAS drinking water GAC wellhead treatment system to deliver drinking water meeting stakeholder requirements to a small rural community. Involved the rapid completion of predesign studies, including bench-scale testing, to support settlement and lay the groundwork for a successful design—the first of its kind for perfluorononanoic acid removal. Supported stakeholder coordination during design and oversaw contractor procurement. The project is operational and meeting all regulatory, owner, and client requirements.
PFAS Sorptive Media Treatment Technology Evaluations, New Jersey After completion of an initial technology screening that selected GAC and anion exchange resin (AER) for additional evaluation, oversaw bench testing of both technologies to treat PFAS in groundwater extracted from beneath an active chemical production facility. Evaluated ion exchange field pilot testing program in support of full-scale operation. Led engineering study comparing bench-scale GAC results to full-scale performance.
PFAS Groundwater Remediation and Reuse Integrated Remedy, New Jersey Senior advisor for the design, permitting, and construction of a large groundwater extraction, PFAS treatment, and reinjection system to capture and treat groundwater coupled with injection and reuse to sustain drinking water supply.
PFAS Remediation Technology Evaluations, Multiple Locations and Clients Senior advisor evaluating PFAS soil and groundwater remediation, and drinking water treatment technologies to address proposed and promulgated regulatory criteria. Work includes consideration of combined remedies, alternative mitigation options (e.g., replacement wells, well modifications, alternate supply), and bench- and pilot-scale testing of site remediation and drinking water treatment technologies, including GAC, CAC, in situ soil stabilization/solidification, and thermal treatment.    

Consulting and Testifying Expert

Litigation Support, Drinking Water Treatment Complaint, Summerville, Georgia Testifying expert for the evaluation of claims regarding the occurrence and mitigation of PFAS in a surface drinking water supply (Earl Parris, Jr. and City of Summerville v. 3M Company et al., Case No. 4:21-cv-00040-TWT, U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia, Rome Division). Deposition. Ongoing matter.
Litigation Support, Natural Resources Damage Complaint, Vermont Testifying expert for the evaluation of claims regarding the occurrence and mitigation of PFAS in public drinking water supplies and private wells (State of Vermont v. 3M Company et al., Docket No. 547-6-19 Cncv, Superior Court Chittenden Unit). Ongoing matter.
Litigation Support, Potable Water Treatment Complaint, Centre, Alabama Retention as testifying expert for the evaluation of claims regarding the occurrence and mitigation of PFAS in surface drinking water supply (Town of Centre v. 3M Company et al., Case No. 13-CV-2017-900049, Circuit Court of Cherokee County, Georgia). Ongoing matter.
Litigation Support, Expert Report, and Expert Witness Testimony; Water Treatment Complaint, Rome, Georgia Testifying expert for the evaluation of claims regarding the occurrence and mitigation of PFAS in a surface drinking water supply (City of Rome v. 3M Company et al., Case No. 19-CV-02405-3, Superior Court of Floyd County, Georgia). Expert report and deposition. Settled.
Litigation Support, Expert Report, and Expert Witness Testimony, Dalton, Georgia Testifying expert for the evaluation of claims regarding the occurrence and mitigation of PFAS at a wastewater land disposal site (Jarrod Johnson, Individually, and on Behalf of a Class of Persons Similarly Situated, v. 3M Company, et al., Civil Action No. 4:20-cv-0008-AT, U.S. District Court, Northern District of Georgia, Rome Division). Expert report and deposition. Ongoing matter.
Litigation Support, Expert Report and Expert Witness Testimony, Water Treatment Complaint, Gadsden, Alabama Testifying expert for the evaluation of claims regarding the occurrence and mitigation of PFAS in a surface drinking water supply (The Water Works and Sewer Board of the City of Gadsden v. 3M Company et al., Case No 31-CV-2016-900676.00, Superior Court of Etowah County, Alabama). Expert report and deposition. Settled.
Litigation Support, Drinking Water Treatment Complaint, Nassau County, New York Testifying expert for evaluation of claims associated with occurrence of PFAS in drinking groundwater supply wells (14 cases in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York). Pending settlement.
Litigation Support, Drinking Water Treatment Complaint, Hopatcong, New Jersey Testifying expert for evaluation of claims associated with occurrence of PFAS in drinking groundwater supply wells (Borough of Hopatcong v. 3M Company et al., Case 2:20-cv-12551-CCC-JBC, U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey). Pending settlement.
Litigation Support, Drinking Water Treatment Complaint, Pequannock, New Jersey Testifying expert for evaluation of claims associated with occurrence of PFAS in drinking groundwater supply wells (Pequannock Township v. 3M Company et al., Case 2:21-cv-01367, U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey). Pending settlement.
Litigation Support and Expert Witness Testimony, Drinking Water Treatment Complaint, Town of Ayer, Massachusetts Testifying expert for the evaluation of claims regarding the occurrence and mitigation of PFAS in groundwater, including drinking water supplies (Town of Ayer v. 3M Company et al., MDL 2:18-mn-2873-RMG, Civil Case No. 2:19-cv-03120-RMG, U.S. District Court, District of South Carolina, Charleston Division). Bellwether case. Expert report. Pending settlement.
Litigation Support and Expert Witness Testimony, Drinking Water Treatment and Site Remediation Complaint, City of Stuart, Florida Testifying expert for the evaluation of claims regarding the occurrence and mitigation of PFAS in groundwater, including soil and groundwater remediation and treatment of drinking water supplies (City of Stuart, Florida v. 3M Company et al., MDL 2:18-mn-2873-RMG, Case No. 2:18-cv-03487-RMG, U.S. District Court, District of South Carolina, Charleston Division). Bellwether case. Expert report. Settled.
Litigation Support and Expert Witness Testimony, Drinking Water Treatment Complaint and Site Remediation Complaint, City of Sioux Falls, South Dakota Testifying expert for the evaluation of claims regarding the occurrence and mitigation of PFAS in groundwater, including drinking water supplies (City of Sioux Falls v. 3M Company et al., MDL 2:18-mn-2873-RMG, Civil Case No. 2:19-cv-18060-RMG, U.S. District Court, District of South Carolina, Charleston Division). Bellwether case. Expert report. Pending settlement.
Litigation Support and Expert Witness Testimony, Multiple Complaints, Nationwide Testifying expert for the evaluation of claims regarding the occurrence and mitigation of PFAS in environmental media, including drinking water supplies (In re: Aqueous Film-Forming Foams Products Liability Litigation, Case No. MDL 2:18-mn-2873-RMG, U.S. District Court, District of South Carolina, Charleston Division). Support includes technical and regulatory evaluations. Testified at Science Day proceedings in October 2019. Settled.
Litigation Support and Expert Witness Testimony, Drinking Water Treatment Complaint, Middlesex, New Jersey Testifying expert for evaluation of claims associated with occurrence of PFAS in drinking groundwater supply wells (Middlesex Water Company v. 3M Company et al., Civil Action No. 18-CV-15366, U.S. District Court for the District of New Jersey). Filed expert report. Settled.
Litigation Support, Corona, California Expert for the evaluation of claims regarding the occurrence and mitigation of PFAS in groundwater, including a drinking water supply (City of Corona Utility Authority v. 3M Company, et al., Case No. CVR12100800, Superior Court for the State of California for the County of Riverside). Pending settlement.
Litigation Support, Multiple Counties, California Expert for the evaluation of claims regarding the occurrence and mitigation of PFAS in surface and groundwater, including drinking water supplies (Orange County Water District et al. vs. 3M Company et al., Case No. 30-202001172419-CU-PL-CXC, Superior Court of the State of California for the County of Orange). Pending settlement.
Fact Witness Testimony, U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of California on behalf of Merck and Co. As previous project manager and program director, supported client in defense of third-party class action lawsuit claiming local community health impacts from both past wood treatment plant operations and current remedial efforts. Depositions and trial testimony supported verdict for client.
Expert Testimony on Remedial Costs and Other Damage Claims, Superior Court of Washington for King County Testifying expert for evaluation of past remedial action effectiveness and defense of claims at a former industrial dry cleaning site undergoing redevelopment (Washington Builders LLC et al. v. 700 Dexter LLC et al., Case No. 16 2 30634-9 SEA, Superior Court of Washington for King County). Expert and rebuttal reports. Deposition. Settled.
Litigation Support and Expert Witness Testimony, Atwater, California Joint testifying expert for resolution of claim associated with occurrence of 1,2,3-TCP in drinking water supply wells (City of Atwater v. Shell Oil Company et al., Case No. SCVSS 120627, Superior Court of the State of California for the County of San Bernardino). Support included technical and regulatory evaluation, design, and cost opinions for installation and operation of long-term drinking water wellhead treatment systems and associated infrastructure and claims. Deposition and trial testimony.
Litigation Support and Expert Testimony, Morgan and Limestone Counties, Alabama Testifying expert for the evaluation of claims regarding the occurrence and mitigation of PFAS in a surface water drinking water supply (Tommy Lindsey, Lanette Lindsey, and Larry Watkins, Individually, and on Behalf of a Class of Persons Similarly Situated vs. 3M Company, et al., Case No. 5:15-cv-01750- MHH, U.S. District Court, Northern District of Alabama, Northeastern Division). Expert report and deposition. Settled.
Litigation Support, Drinking Water Treatment Complaint, City of Fresno, California Testifying expert for resolution of claims associated with occurrence of 1,2,3-TCP in drinking groundwater supply wells (City of Hemet v. The Dow Chemical Company, et al., Case No. 18- CV-02022, U.S. District Court, Central District of California). Expert report. Retention scope similar to Atwater case. Settled.
Litigation Support and Expert Report, Drinking Water Treatment Complaint, Hemet, California Joint testifying expert for resolution of claims associated with occurrence of 1,2,3-TCP in drinking groundwater supply wells (City of Hemet v. The Dow Chemical Company, et al., Case No. 18- CV-02022, U.S. District Court, Central District of California). Expert report. Retention scope similar to Atwater case. Settled.
Litigation Support, Drinking Water Treatment Complaint, Private Wells, Various Counties, California Joint testifying expert for resolution of claims associated with occurrence of 1,2,3-TCP in drinking groundwater supply wells (Golden State Water Company v. The Dow Chemical Company, et al., Case No. 18-CV-08199, U.S. District Court, Central District of California). Retention scope similar to Hemet case. Settled.
Litigation Support, Drinking Water Treatment and Replacement Water Supply Complaint, Upland, California Joint testifying expert for resolution of claims associated with occurrence of 1,2,3-TCP in drinking groundwater supply wells (City of Upland: West End Consolidated Water Company v. The Dow Chemical Company, et al., Case No. 5:19-cv-00842-MWF (SPx), U.S. District Court, Central District of California). Retention scope similar to Hemet case. Settled.
Litigation Support and Expert Report, Drinking Water Treatment and Replacement Water Supply Complaint, Arcadia, California Joint testifying expert for resolution of claims associated with occurrence of 1,2,3-TCP in drinking groundwater supply wells (City of Arcadia v. The Dow Chemical Company, et al., Case No. Case No. 2:18-cv-10139-MWF, U.S. District Court, Central District of California). Retention scope similar to Hemet case. Expert and rebuttal reports. Settled.
Litigation Support, Drinking Water Treatment, Multiple Complaints, Kern County, California Joint testifying expert for resolution of claims associated with occurrence of 1,2,3‑TCP in drinking groundwater supply wells (e.g., Arvin Community Service District v. The Dow Chemical Company, et al., Case No. CGC 12-522788, Superior Court of the State of California in and for the County of San Francisco). Retention scope similar to Atwater case. All matters settled.
Litigation Support, Drinking Water Treatment, Multiple Complaints, Tulare County, California Joint testifying expert for resolution of claims associated with occurrence of 1,2,3-TCP in drinking groundwater supply wells (e.g., London Community Service District v. The Dow Chemical Company, et al., Case No. VCU278903, In the Superior Court of the State of California in and for the County of Tulare). Retention scope similar to Atwater case. All matters settled.
Litigation Support, Drinking Water Treatment, Multiple Complaints, Group 3 Cases, Various Counties, California Joint testifying expert for resolution of claims associated with occurrence of 1,2,3-TCP in drinking groundwater supply wells (e.g., City of Manteca v. The Dow Chemical Company, et al., Case No. SCVSS 120627, In the Superior Court of the State of California in and for the County of San Bernardino). Retention scope similar to Atwater case. All matters settled.
Litigation Support, Drinking Water Treatment, Multiple Complaints, Group 2A Cases, Various Counties, California Joint testifying expert for resolution of claims associated with occurrence of 1,2,3-TCP in drinking groundwater supply wells (e.g., Monte Vista Water District and City of Chino v. The Dow Chemical Co., et al., Case No. CIVDS 1800720, In the Superior Court of the State of California in and for the County of San Bernardino). Retention scope similar to Group 3 cases. All matters settled.
Litigation Support, Drinking Water Treatment, Multiple Complaints, Fresno County, California Testifying expert for resolution of claims in five cases involving occurrence of 1,2,3-TCP in drinking groundwater supply wells (e.g., Del Rey Community Services District vs. The Dow Chemical Company, et al., Case No. CGC-12-522921, Superior Court of the State of California in and for the County of San Francisco). Retention scope similar to Atwater case. All matters settled.
Settlement Negotiation Support, Drinking Water Treatment Claim, Kern County, California Expert for resolution of claim associated with occurrence of 1,2,3-TCP in drinking groundwater supply wells at multiple agricultural production facilities. Developed cost opinion. Settled.
Settlement Negotiation Support, Drinking Water Treatment Claim, San Joaquin County, California Expert for resolution of claim associated with occurrence of 1,2,3-TCP in drinking groundwater supply wells in multiple cities. Developed cost opinion. All matters settled.
Settlement Negotiation Support, Drinking Treatment Claim, Stanislaus County, California Expert for resolution of claim associated with occurrence of 1,2,3-TCP in drinking groundwater supply wells owned by a municipality. Developed cost opinion. Settled.
Settlement Negotiation Support, Drinking Water Treatment Claims, Tulare County, California Expert for resolution of claim associated with occurrence of 1,2,3-TCP in a drinking groundwater supply well at a public school. Developed cost opinion. Settled.
Settlement Negotiation Support, Drinking Water Treatment Claim, Sacramento County, California Expert for resolution of claim associated with occurrence of 1,2,3-TCP in drinking groundwater supply wells owned by a municipal utility. Developed cost opinion. Settled.
Litigation Support, Industrial Facility, Brunswick, Georgia Expert for review of claims and evaluation of interim remedies related to a third-party claim of VOC contamination in groundwater (Lanier Parkway Associates, LLC et al. v. Hercules Inc. et al.).
Legal Support, Superfund Site, California Expert for review of claims by EPA of historical chlorinated solvent releases to groundwater from sanitary sewers at a Superfund site. Ongoing matter.
Settlement Support, Former Smelter Site, Selby, California, Confidential Client Review of a former industrial facility to evaluate claims of historical site impacts. Produced conceptual site model that resulted in plaintiff abandoning claims.
Settlement Support, Minnesota, Confidential Client Developed remediation scenarios, cost opinions, and risk management options, including insurance, financial, and other potential risk management mechanisms, to facilitate successful settlement negotiations between client and a major utility at a former manufactured gas plant site.
Litigation Support, Cement Plant, Seattle, Washington, Confidential Client Expert for review of claims and evaluation of sediment remediation cost estimates to support potential settlement.
Allocation Support, Former Rocket Launch Facilities, California, Confidential Client Expert for defense of claims at active U.S. Department of Defense site. Coauthored expert report covering soil and groundwater cost recovery claims at four sites. Developed alternate allocation model that significantly reduced projected pre-settlement damages.

Frankel, A., and M. Henning. 2024. EPA releases final drinking water standards for PFAS chemicals. JDSupra. April 11. https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/epa-releases-final-drinking-water-6772449.

Frankel, A., and M. Henning. 2023. EPA proposes the first national primary drinking water regulations for any PFAS chemical. JDSupra. March 14. https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/epa-proposes-the-first-national-primary-2794523.

Frankel, A.J. 2021. On per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: Suggested resources and considerations for groundwater professionals. Groundwater 59(4):481-487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13101.

Wuerl, B.J., L.M. Owsianiak, A. Frankel, and B. Molnaa. 2004. In situ anaerobic bioremediation of perchlorate-impacted vadose zone soil. Proceedings. The Eleventh Symposium in the Groundwater Resources Association of California’s Series on Groundwater Contaminants, ClO4– 2004—Perchlorate in California’s Groundwater, Glendale, CA.

Frankel, A., L.M. Owsianiak, B.J. Wuerl, and J.F. Horst. 2004. In situ anaerobic remediation of perchlorate-impacted soils. Proceedings. 2004 National Ground Water Association Remediation Conference: Site Closure and the Total Cost of Clean-up, New Orleans, LA.

Sherman, S., M. Tulich, and A. Frankel. 2023. Using 3-dimensional modeling and field monitoring for an optimized remedial injection program. Panel presentations published in the proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Soil, Water, Energy and Air, March 20–23, San Diego, CA.

Uselman, L., and A. Frankel. 2023. PFAS state regulations in drinking water: A look back. Poster presentation. 32nd International Conference on Soil, Water, Energy and Air, March 20–23, San Diego, CA.

Sherman, S., M. Tulich, and A. Frankel. 2022. Using three-dimensional modeling and real-time field monitoring for an optimized remedial injection program at a CVOC-contaminated site. Twelfth International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, May 24, Palm Springs, CA.

Livermore, D., and A. Frankel. 2022. The importance of CSM verification: Implications for source identification, monitoring, and remediation. Twelfth International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, May 24, Palm Springs, CA.

Frankel, A.J. 2021 . PFAS remedial strategies. Panel Chair and Presentation. Panel presentations published in the proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Soil, Water, Energy and Air, March 19–22, San Diego, CA.

Uselman, L., and A. Frankel. 2021. Putting Colorado’s current & future PFAS regulation in a national context. Conference of the Colorado Management Society, September 14.

Tulich, M., A. Frankel, and S. Sherman. 2021. The value of 3-dimensional implicit modeling to support in situ remediation design at a PCE-contaminated site. 30th International Conference on Soil, Water, Energy and Air, March 19–22, Virtual Conference.

Halmstad, A., and A. Frankel. 2021. Post ERD injection site dynamics: Long-term trends at a VOC contaminated site in Monterey, CA. 30th International Conference on Soil, Water, Energy and Air, March 19–22, Virtual Conference.

Martin, M., A. Frankel, and K. Brodock. 2018. Lessons learned from implementation of a drinking water wellhead treatment system for a long chain perfluoroalkyl acid. Poster presented at the First Annual Groundwater Congress, September 25–27, West Sacramento, CA.

Halmstad, A., A. Frankel, D. Moser, T. Wotan, and C. Sandefur. 2018. Lessons learned from ERD implementation at a CVOC contaminated site in Monterey, CA. Oral Presentation. 27th International Conference on Soil, Water, Energy and Air, March 19–22, San Diego, CA.

Frankel, A., J. Anderson, and P. Goodrum. 2016. Water quality standards for perfluoroalkyl compounds, crossroads between regulatory toxicology and remedy selection. Oral Presentation. 10th International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Palm Springs, CA.

Frankel, A. 2015. Lessons learned from redevelopment and reuse of federal and private sector industrial sites. Oral presentation. 31st International Conference on Soils, Sediments, Water, and Energy, Amherst, MA.

Frankel, A., T. Trent Henderson, E. Putnam, and P. Hall. 2006. Selection of bioreactor and LGAC to treat groundwater with perchlorate, nitrate, and hexavalent chromium. Oral presentation. Groundwater Resources Association of California’s Symposium, Perchlorate: Progress Toward Understanding and Cleanup, Santa Clara, CA.

Frankel, A., S. Potter, and L. Cecan. 2006. Fate and transport modeling with dual domain and residual source to guide remedial approach evaluation. Oral presentation. 2006 National Ground Water Association Groundwater Summit, San Antonio, TX.

Frankel, A., S. Potter, and L. Cecan. 2005. Fate and transport modeling with dual domain and residual source. Oral presentation. 2005 National Ground Water Association Remediation Conference: Site Closure and the Total Cost of Clean-up, Houston, TX.

Wuerl, B.J., A. Frankel, N. Morgan-Butcher, and J. Ely. 2005. Enhanced in situ co-reduction of perchlorate, hexavalent chromium, and halogenated VOCs in groundwater. Oral presentation. 2005 National Ground Water Association Conference on MTBE and Perchlorate: Assessment, Remediation, and Public Policy, San Francisco, CA.

Frankel, A., and B.J. Wuerl. 2005. In situ anaerobic remediation of perchlorate-impacted soils. Oral presentation and paper. 2005 National Ground Water Association Conference on MTBE and Perchlorate: Assessment, Remediation, and Public Policy, San Francisco, CA.

Frankel, A., L.M. Owsianiak, and J. Peters. 2004. Development of an animated site conceptual model to support groundwater remediation data gap identification and resolution. Oral presentation. Groundwater Resources Association of California’s 13th Annual Meeting and Conference, Rohnert Park, CA.

Wuerl, B.J., L.M. Owsianiak, A. Frankel, and B. Molnaa. 2004. In situ anaerobic bioremediation of perchlorate-impacted vadose zone soil. Oral presentation. The Eleventh Symposium in the Groundwater Resources Association of California’s Series on Groundwater Contaminants, ClO4– 2004—Perchlorate in California’s Groundwater, Glendale, CA.

Frankel, A., L.M. Owsianiak, B.J. Wuerl, and J.F. Horst. 2004. In situ anaerobic remediation of perchlorate-impacted soils. Oral presentation. 2004 National Ground Water Association Remediation Conference: Site Closure and the Total Cost of Clean-up, New Orleans, LA.

Frankel, A., J. Talbert, and J. Hackman. 2023. Regulatory action: History and horizon. Panelist. 32nd American Bar Association Annual Toxic Tort & Environmental Law Spring Conference with a Focus on PFAS, April 12, Scottsdale, AZ.

Frankel, A. 2023. Coupled aquifer restoration and water reuse—evolution of an integrated solution. Regenesis Distinguished Speaker Series. July 20, Webinar. https://youtu.be/948–jokXQA?si=NYGFIryPo3KnGxLD

Frankel, A. 2021. Remediation game changers and key drivers past and present—plus perspectives on PFAS. Regenesis Distinguished Speaker Series. August 25, Webinar. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rKekm0vBowg

Frankel, A. 2021. National Groundwater Association Fate of PFAS: From Groundwater to tap Water. Concluding Panel Discussion. June 23, Virtual Conference.

Frankel, A. 2021. Thoughts on PFAS litigation: A technical expert’s perspective. Oral Presentation. Law Seminars International PFAS Regulation and Litigation in California, February 12, Virtual Conference.

Frankel, A. 2021. PFAS remedial strategies. Panel Chair and Presentation. 30th International Conference on Soils, Sediments, Water, Energy and Air, Virtual Conference.

Frankel, A. 2020. PFAS roundtable: Industry and regulatory outlook. Panel Discussion, October 1, Webinar hosted by Water & Wastes Digest. https://www.ect2.com/content/pfas-roundtable-industry-and-regulatory-outlook.

Frankel, A. 2019. PFAS occurrence and treatment: Key observations. Oral Presentation. Law Seminars International PFAS Litigation Conference, December 9, San Diego, CA.

Frankel, A. 2019. A short list of remediation game changers and key drivers past and present—a 30-year perspective. Oral Presentation. National Groundwater Association Groundwater Week, December 4, Las Vegas, NV.

Frankel, A., and M. Martin. 2019. PFAS wellhead treatment considerations—Intersection of water supply with plume remediation. Oral Presentation. National Groundwater Association PFAS Management, Mitigation, and Remediation Conference, June 19, Westerville, OH.

Frankel, A. 2019. PFAS Remedial Strategies. Panel Chair and Presentation. 35th International Conference on Soils, Sediments, Water, and Energy, Amherst, MA.

Frankel, A., S. Sliver, and D. Henrich. 2018. Plenary Session: PFAS. Oral presentation and panel discussion. 2018 National Groundwater Association Groundwater Week, December 3–6, Las Vegas, NV.

Frankel, A., K. Gettmann, and A. Bass. 2018. PFAS Panel: Oral presentation and panel discussion. 2018 Environmental Law Conference at Yosemite, September 19–21, Fish Camp, CA.

Frankel, A. 2018. State of the Practice – Advances in In Situ Remediation. Panel chair and organizer. 27th International Conference on Soil, Water, Energy and Air, March 19–22, San Diego, CA.

Frankel, A., and R. Keenan. 2016. Guiding decisions and managing risk – Environmental applications of decision analysis and probabilistic evaluation current state of practice. Panel Chair. 32nd International Conference on Soils, Sediments, Water, and Energy, Amherst, MA.

Frankel, A. 2015. California Brownfields reuse and transactions. Panel chair and organizer. 25th International Conference on Soil, Water, Energy and Air, San Diego, CA.

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