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David Livermore, R.G., L.H.G., CWRE

David Livermore, R.G., L.H.G., CWRE
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David Livermore, R.G., L.H.G., CWRE
Senior Principal

David Livermore, R.G., L.H.G., CWRE

Senior Principal (503) 943-3613 Portland, OR dlivermore@integral-corp.com

Mr. David Livermore is a senior principal hydrogeologist and geochemist with more than 35 years of experience in solving complex earth science problems centered on the interaction of hydrogeologic, geologic, and atmospheric systems. Mr. Livermore is a registered professional geologist in six states and a licensed hydrogeologist in Washington. Mr. Livermore has successfully managed the investigation and cleanup of hazardous waste sites throughout the United States and specializes in developing innovative strategies and solutions for negotiating streamlined site closures with regulatory agencies. Mr. Livermore’s expertise includes the hydrogeologic and geochemical assessment and cleanup of soil, sediment, and groundwater contamination at complex hazardous waste sites. Mr. Livermore’s hydrogeologic expertise includes regional hydrogeologic studies, the evaluation of tidal- or river- stage-influenced aquifers near-surface water bodies, groundwater/surface water interactions, and the resulting implications for contaminant fate and transport. Mr. Livermore’s geochemical experience includes vadose zone transport of chemicals, geochemical processes affecting chemical natural attenuation, and the effects of cosolvency on the mobility of chemicals in the environment. For site remediation, Mr. Livermore’s expertise includes the analysis and optimization of remediation systems, nonaqueous-phase liquid (NAPL) remediation at sites with complex stratigraphy, and the strategic assessment and costing of alternative remedial options, including excavation, capping, and in situ and ex situ treatment of soil. For environmental litigation, Mr. Livermore has developed expert testimony and provided courtroom testimony on the source, extent, and timing of contaminant releases. His hydrogeochemical conceptual site models (CSMs) have proven instrumental in the mediation and/or settlement of legal suits involving the source and timing of chemical releases to the environment. Mr. Livermore has also used CSMs and fate and transport analyses to develop models for allocating remedial costs from multiple contaminant sources.

Novel Approaches for Chlorobenzene Plume Delineation at a Nearshore Sediment-Bedrock Interface to Support CSM Development

Poster

January 30 2025

Ongoing Use of Fate and Transport Modeling to Support a Successful Natural Attenuation Remedy for PCP in Groundwater: A 10-Year Perspective

Poster

June 04 2024

A Novel Approach for Evaluating Optimal Groundwater–Surface Water Discharge Monitoring Periods for Source Control Evaluation in Portland Harbor

Poster

December 06 2023

A Novel Approach for Evaluating Optimal Groundwater-Surface Water Discharge Monitoring Periods for Source Control Evaluation in Portland Harbor

Poster

January 10 2023

Risk Assessment for Extended Phase-Out of Pentachlorophenol

Case Study

November 19 2024

Former DDT Manufacturing Facility Site Investigation: Oregon

Case Study

May 23 2019

Remedial Design

Steam Plant Partial Property Redevelopment into a Community Off-Leash Dog Park and Trail, Seattle, Washington Principal-in-charge of an interim action for a subparcel of a former steam plant for the development of a community off-leash dog park and trail in a traditionally underserved/environmental justice community. Conducted investigation to define the nature and extent of contamination and conceptual site model for PAHs, PCBs, and arsenic in soil and groundwater. Led negotiations with the Washington State Department of Ecology and defined cleanup levels, points of compliance, and ARARs, and developed an interim action work plan (IAWP) for the excavation, transport and disposal of soil exceeding cleanup levels. The IAWP was provided for public review and comment. The Washington State Department of Ecology approved the IAWP. A draft corrective action plan was prepared, and the cleanup and redevelopment is scheduled for winter 2024–25. Providing ongoing client support for construction bidding, oversight, and monitoring.
Old Works East Anaconda Area Operable Unit, Anaconda Smelter NPL Site, Anaconda, Montana Served as hydrogeologist and geochemist for completion of the engineering evaluation/cost analysis (EE/CA) report for the Old Works operable unit. Tasks included reviewing and evaluating soil and pore water data and preparing geochemical evaluations of the mobility of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in vadose zone soils and pore waters.
Newspaper Printing Facility, Tacoma, Washington Principal-in-charge of the forensic analysis of PAHs in stormwater catch basin solids in a parking lot at an active newspaper printing facility in Tacoma, Washington. Potential PAH sources included former petroleum USTs and coal-tar-based parking lot surface coatings. Chemical forensic analyses demonstrated that the source of PAHs to the stormwater catch basins was from erosion of the coal-tar-based parking lot surface coating. The remediation involved recoating the asphalt parking lot with a non-coal-tar-based asphalt coating. The remedy was accepted by the City of Tacoma’s stormwater source control program.
Superfund Site, San Jacinto River, Houston, Texas As principal geologist, conducted a review of EPA’s Proposed Plan for the remediation of a Superfund site with an upland area that has dioxins and furans in soil. Evaluated EPA’s principal threat waste designation. Provided an analysis of the proposed alternatives using EPA’s nine remedy acceptance criteria that demonstrated that the proposed alternative would greatly increase short-term risks to site workers and the public at a much greater remedial cost, but would have no greater long-term effectiveness than several other of the considered alternatives.
Chemical Packaging and Distribution Facility, Santa Ana, California Principal hydrogeologist in charge of the ongoing remediation and monitoring of TCE, tetrachloroethene (PCE), and 1,4‑dioxane in groundwater. Leading the evaluation of the effectiveness of the existing groundwater extraction and treatment (pump and treat) system, including capture zone effectiveness evaluation and pump and treat system optimization. Increased volatile organic compound (VOC) mass removal, reduced the footprint of the onsite groundwater plume, and enhanced capture zone effectiveness, through targeted selective changes to the existing onsite well extraction network. Prepared a remedial action plan that was approved by the Santa Ana Regional Water Quality Control Board for the accelerated treatment of soil and groundwater for final site closure. Oversaw the excavation, transport, and disposal of contaminated soil from three subareas of the site to reduce the VOC soil source and eliminate potential leaching to groundwater from these areas.  
Sediment Removal Action at Former DDT Manufacturing Facility, Willamette River, Portland, Oregon Principal-in-charge of the in-water EE/CA for a sediment removal action at a former chlor-alkali manufacturing facility located within the Portland Harbor Superfund site on the Willamette River. The EE/CA addresses the potential for ongoing migration of chemicals from the uplands site to the river and involves evaluating remedial options to address chemicals in the site sediments and pore water. Chemicals of concern (COCs) include DDT, monochlorobenzene (MCB), sodium perchlorate, and hexavalent chromium. Key technical and regulatory issues that are being addressed include the characterization of the stratigraphically controlled distribution of COCs, defining the removal action area boundary, the timing of the removal action with respect to other groundwater and stormwater source control measures that are being implemented, and the evaluation, selection, and design of a non-time critical removal action for the site in accordance with a EPA Administrative Order of Consent.
Stormwater Source Control Measures at Former DDT Manufacturing Facility, Willamette River, Portland, Oregon Principal-in-charge of stormwater source control measures (SCMs) for a former DDT manufacturing facility located along the Willamette River. Provided strategic support for the negotiation of a Mutual Agreement and Order with Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) to amend the existing NPDES permit and provide a scope and schedule for implementation of the stormwater SCMs. Completed the feasibility study, design, and construction of SCMs to address the discharge of DDT and related contaminants in stormwater. SCMs included temporary capping of areas of known contamination, decommissioning of the current site stormwater collection system, and stormwater treatment via a detention basin and sand filter. Oversaw monitoring of the implemented stormwater SCMs to assess performance and optimize treatment.
DDT Manufacturing Facility IRM Work Plan, Portland, Oregon Managed the preparation of a work plan for the implementation of selected soil and storm water IRMs including soil removals and temporary sol capping. IRMs were approved by the Oregon DEQ.
Bulk Petroleum Fuel Facility, Willamette River, Portland, Oregon Directed the completion of a focused feasibility study (FFS). Key technical issues focused on the evaluation of the existing air sparging/soil vapor extraction (AS/SVE) system to determine whether it was effective at reducing petroleum hydrocarbons (including BTEX and PAHs) and selected metals including arsenic in site groundwater. The analysis showed that an expansion of the existing AS/SVE system would effectively address the other non-petroleum-related chemicals (i.e., naturally occurring arsenic) and other remedial measures were not necessary. The FFS evaluation and recommendations were accepted by Oregon DEQ.
IRM for TCE, Former Metals Machining Facility, Milwaukie, Oregon Managed the preparation of a report documenting technology screening and selection of a preferred IRM for TCE in groundwater and soil at a former metals machining facility. Screened technologies included groundwater extraction and treatment via wells or trenches, soil removal, and electrical resistive heating. The preferred alternative, groundwater extraction and treatment, was selected by Oregon DEQ and was implemented by one of the responsible parties under an Order with the State of Oregon.
Soil Remediation, Warrenton, Oregon Managed the remediation of petroleum-hydrocarbon- contaminated soils at a former 48,000-gal-capacity tank farm and marine fueling facility. The site cleanup was conducted under the Oregon DEQ Voluntary Cleanup Program. The successful remediation included excavation of contaminated soil and ex situ treatment of 2,400 yd3 of gasoline, diesel, and heavy oil hydrocarbons by a combination of bioremediation and hot-air vapor extraction methods.
Preliminary Remedial Design, Alkali Lake Chemical Waste Disposal Area, South-Central Oregon Managed the investigation and preliminary remedial design for the 500-acre Alkali Lake chemical waste disposal area Superfund site, where more than one million gallons of waste from the manufacture of Agent Orange and other herbicides had affected soil and groundwater for nearly 20 years. Key issues included contaminant transport from groundwater to surface water, contamination of surface soils and the food chain by dioxins, and potential effects on rare or threatened species (e.g., Tui chub and snowy plover). Conducted a detailed characterization of the subsurface hydrogeology in the area to assess the potential effectiveness of a vertical containment wall, including characterization of groundwater flow in shallow and deep groundwater zones and numerical modeling of the groundwater flow system to evaluate cleanup options.
NAPL Removal Performance Evaluation, McCormick & Baxter Creosoting Company, Portland, Oregon Served as hydrogeologist for the performance evaluation of groundwater and NAPL extraction, including the evaluation of enhanced extraction techniques such as dual phase and total fluids pumping. The results of the evaluation indicated that total fluids removal could increase NAPL recovery in one of two NAPL pool areas onsite.
Revised Feasibility Study, McCormick & Baxter Creosoting Company, Portland, Oregon Served as the lead hydrogeologist for the revised feasibility study of the Superfund site. The feasibility study included evaluation of soil, groundwater, and sediment remedial options development and screening of remedial alternatives. The feasibility study also included an assessment of technical impracticability for groundwater restoration and the calculation of alternate compliance limits for groundwater.
Sandy Oil Company Site, Sandy, Oregon Managed an emergency response action to mitigate accumulations of explosive levels of gasoline vapors in storm drains at the former Sandy Oil Company site. Emergency response actions included the design and installation of two groundwater interceptor trenches and the installation of groundwater and vapor extraction equipment. A site soil vapor survey was conducted to investigate potential sources of gasoline vapors. Explosive levels of gasoline vapors were reduced to safe levels within 72 hours of the initial discovery. Site management included monthly monitoring of the vapor extraction and groundwater treatment systems.
Brownfield Redevelopment, Bremerton, Washington As lead hydrogeologist prepared a remedial investigation report and prepared remedial alternatives for the proposed redevelopment of a historically contaminated industrial area into a city park with active recreational facilities.
Former Wood Products Treating and Manufacturing Site, Longview, Washington Provided senior hydrogeologic support for the investigation and cleanup of a former wood treating, cabinet manufacturing, and related wood products industrial site. Led the fate and transport chemical modeling analysis for Site C that demonstrated that chemicals were not migrating to a nearby surface water body. Provided key strategic technical planning, and participated in consent decree negotiations with EPA and the Washington State Department of Ecology that substantially focused and reduced the scope of work initially requested from the regulatory agencies.
Wood Products Treating Facility, Joplin, Missouri Provided senior hydrogeologic and strategic support for the renegotiation of a RCRA permit for the wood treating site. Strategic technical plans for groundwater cleanup included conducting limited NAPL extraction and demonstrating the technical impracticability for cleanup of groundwater in a deep fractured limestone bedrock aquifer affected by creosote and pentachlorophenol (PCP). Technical evaluation also supported a permit modification to reduce the scope of the groundwater extraction and monitoring program.
Morgan Door Manufacturing Facility, Weed, California Provided senior hydrogeologic and strategic support for the investigation and cleanup of a former door manufacturer that used PCP in a treatment process. Strategic support included defining a focused RI/FS framework for completing the investigation and evaluating the need for remediation and negotiating with the Regional Water Quality Control Board. Preliminary soil excavation was conducted to remove most of the remaining PCP source from the PCP treatment area. Initial assessments of the groundwater plume indicated that it was stable, and that active groundwater remediation would not be required.
Oregon Cherry Growers, The Dalles, Oregon Managed the compliance monitoring of groundwater quality for a UST removal. Site closure was recommended to and granted by the Oregon DEQ after 1 year of compliance monitoring was completed.
UST and Other Petroleum Hydrocarbons Management, Oregon Managed the investigation of several sites for a forest landholder and wood products company in Oregon. Site investigations included two UST decommissioning evaluations and an investigation, characterization, and soil excavation to clean up a spill of an unknown oily substance in a remote forested area.
Woodwaste Landfill Closure, Oakridge, Oregon Managed the monitoring and closure of a wood waste landfill along the middle fork of the Willamette River near Oakridge, Oregon. Landfill closure included capping exposed wood waste and enhancing the cap thickness and surface water runoff from the capped landfill. Directed the preparation of a site closure plan, completed monitoring and reporting of groundwater and surface water quality in the vicinity of the landfill to address Oregon DEQ compliance issues, and successfully demonstrated that the landfill closure was effective and that water quality monitoring could be discontinued for the site.
Abandoned Hazardous Waste Characterization and Management, Oregon Managed the identification and disposal of more than three dozen abandoned drums and containers of petroleum-hydrocarbon oils, solvents, oil-based paints, and acid wastes and associated soil contamination at a lumber mill in Warrenton, Oregon. Tasks included properly identifying and coding of wastes to facilitate legal waste disposal or treatment and reduce client liability while achieving the lowest possible disposal cost.

Vapor Intrusion

Soil Vapor Intrusion Monitoring, Santa Ana, California Managed the design and investigation of a shallow soil gas monitoring program at a site with PCE, TCE, and related VOC contamination. Soil gas data were used to support a site indoor air risk assessment and demonstrated that no further indoor air monitoring was required prior to site soil and groundwater remediation.
Indoor Air Vapor Intrusion Monitoring, Milwaukie, Oregon Managed the design and implementation of indoor air monitoring program at a TCE solvent release site. Negotiated the scope of indoor air monitoring to account for the potential interference from background urban air TCE concentrations. Successfully negotiated a monitoring program that included sub-slab vapor sampling and monitoring combined with site-specific Johnson & Ettinger vapor intrusion modeling that demonstrated that groundwater plumes were not causing an adverse impact on indoor air above acceptable regulatory levels.
Vapor Intrusion, Lumber Mill, Vaughn, Oregon Managed the assessment of indoor air sample results for a petroleum hydrocarbon plume at a lumber mill in Vaughn, Oregon. Demonstrated to the Oregon DEQ that benzene concentrations measured in indoor air were not related to the petroleum hydrocarbon plume undergoing remediation but instead were within the range of urban background benzene concentrations and were likely related to normal vehicle use in ongoing facility operations.
Groundwater and Soil Vapor Intrusion Assessment, Valdosta, Georgia Managed the assessment of toluene concentrations in groundwater at an active RCRA site. Successfully negotiated with the Georgia Environmental Protection Division to use groundwater concentration data and Johnson & Ettinger modeling to demonstrate that toluene in indoor and outdoor air exposure environments would not exceed concentrations that would already be expected through the active handling and management of toluene under the typical facility work environment.

Environmental Impact Assessment

Source Control Evaluation and Property Transfer Assessment, Portland, Oregon Principal-in-charge of the assessment of a small industrial property located near the Oregon Museum of Science and Industry on the east bank of the Willamette River in downtown Portland. Soil, sediment, and stormwater investigation and stormwater SCMs were implemented on an accelerated time frame. Sampling and closure of a septic tank and cesspool drywell through the DEQ Underground Injection Control Program were also conducted. Based on the investigation and source control efforts, Oregon DEQ issued a No Further Action letter.
Phase I Environmental Site Assessment, Tool Manufacturing Facility, Milwaukie, Oregon Managed the Phase I environmental site assessment of a 7.7-acre tool manufacturing facility for a prospective purchaser of the property. The assessment was conducted in accordance with ASTM E-1527-00 and found that the site had a low potential from environmental impact from historical operations and found no recognized environmental conditions according to ASTM standards. Three areas of environmental concern were identified.
Illicit Drug Laboratory, Central Point, Oregon Managed a detailed site assessment of an illicit drug laboratory site. Investigation included the collection of existing site use and environmental data, including an evaluation of the process used to synthesize amphetamines at the site, conducting a site visit, and preparation of a report to evaluate whether a release or a threat of a release of hazardous substances had occurred and whether further investigation was required at the site.
Titanium and Metal Casting Facility Preliminary Assessment, Albany, Oregon Managed Parts I and II of a preliminary assessment of a titanium and rare metal casting facility located near Albany, Oregon. Investigation tasks included the collection of existing site use and environmental data, conducting a site visit, and preparation of a report to evaluate whether a release or a threat of a release of hazardous substances had occurred and whether further investigation was required at the site. Through the review of existing data, extensive soil and groundwater contamination by organic solvents was identified at the site.
Biochemical Research Facility Preliminary Assessment, Eugene, Oregon Managed Part I of a preliminary assessment a producer and developer of fluorescent dyes and research chemicals used in the biochemical and medical research industry. Investigation tasks included collecting existing site use and environmental data, conducting a site visit, and preparing a report to evaluate whether a release or a threat of a release of hazardous substances had occurred and whether further investigation was required at the site.
Phase I Environmental Property Transfer Assessment of a Metal Parts Manufacturing Facility, Northwest Portland, Oregon Managed a Phase I environmental property transfer assessment of a facility that manufactured and milled large metal parts. The Phase I investigation included a review of historical data and federal, state, and local environmental records; a title search; and a site visit. Results were incorporated into a final report that evaluated, within the limitations of the data, the probability of a release of hazardous substances to the site soils or groundwater.
Subtitle D Landfill Siting Studies, Portland, Oregon Hydrogeologist for the evaluation of groundwater hydrology and geotechnical siting criteria for six candidate landfill sites in the Portland metropolitan area. Conducted hydrogeologic review and site ranking according to landfill siting criteria. Assisted in report preparation and attended public meetings. None of the six sites reviewed were selected as the State-proposed location for a municipal landfill.
State Preliminary Assessments, Oregon Performed senior technical review for more than five state preliminary assessments to evaluate the release or threat of a release of hazardous substances to industrial sites located across Oregon.
Environmental Site Assessments, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho Conducted or assisted in more than 20 environmental site assessments at industrial, private, and government properties in the Pacific Northwest.

Hydrogeology

Groundwater Pumping Impacts on Umatilla River Stream Depletion, Hermiston, Oregon Principal-in-charge of an assessment of Oregon Water Resources Department (OWRD) findings that groundwater production for a large potato processing facility, which uses water from two production wells within a quarter mile of the Umatilla River, is interfering with more senior surface water rights. The hydrogeologic technical analysis demonstrated that there is a low-permeability horizon between the production wells’ screen intervals and the Umatilla River and that OWRD utilized the wrong model to evaluate stream depletion. Using the correct model, determined that stream depletion from pumping the two production wells was far less than 1 percent of the allotted use. Exchange of information and analyses and negotiations with the OWRD are ongoing.  
Municipal Water Supply Well Design, Humboldt County, California Principal geologist in charge of a forensic evaluation of a regional water district’s municipal water supply well that was failing as a result of saline water intrusion. Identified the reason for failure of the existing water supply well. Directed preparation of plans and specifications for the construction of a replacement water supply well with a target depth of approximately 500 ft and a target production of more than 1,000 gallons per minute.
Water Management Alternatives Analysis, Humboldt County, California Principal geologist in charge of a water management alternatives analysis for a 15-square-mile regional water district, to model and evaluate future water demands and water sources for water resource planning. Directed analyses included assessment of current and future water demands utilizing a WaterCAD model. Prepared report summarizing the modeling and an analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats and presented findings to the water district’s board. The board unanimously approved Integral’s report and findings.
Aquifer Recharge Model, Umatilla, Oregon Managed the development of a three-dimensional model and animation in support of a proposed aquifer recharge project in Umatilla, Oregon. Existing geologic and hydrogeologic data were used to establish a geologic block model and to animate the predicted change in hydraulic head that would result from river water diversion and aquifer recharge.
Gravel Quarry, California Principal geologist for a hydrogeologic investigation to support the permit application for a proposed gravel quarry in California. The bedrock aquifer system underlying the site includes a narrow, highly conductive fracture zone that supports large pumping flows. A groundwater model was developed to assess mine water management requirements; to evaluate the potential for the development of a lake in the quarry after mining cessation; and to evaluate impacts of quarry dewatering on area groundwater levels, local creek flows, and on another quarry planned for future development adjacent to the proposed quarry site.
Hydrogeologic and Geochemical Evaluation, Olympia, Washington Principal-in-charge of the development of a scope of work and cost estimate for a grant application for a comprehensive hydrogeologic study to identify, monitor, and mitigate sources of nitrate to groundwater in the vicinity of a municipal water supply well in east Olympia. The scope of work included vadose zone monitoring in potential source areas, and groundwater monitoring to evaluate groundwater and chemical migration pathways to assess the impacts of anthropogenic and natural sources of nitrate in groundwater near selected city of Olympia municipal drinking water well. The city initially was awarded a $500,000 grant from the Washington State Centennial Clean Water Fund to conduct the study; however, the grant was later rescinded due to state financial constraints.
Hydrogeochemical Evaluation, St. Johns Landfill and Smith and Bybee Lakes, Portland, Oregon Completed an analysis of the hydrogeologic flow system in the Smith and Bybee Lakes area of northern Portland. Also, evaluated the development of a leachate plume from the St. Johns Landfill and its effect on the adjacent wetland area. Compiled historical soil and groundwater data for the region, developed a hydrogeologic model of the groundwater and surface water flow systems, and evaluated the existing landfill groundwater monitoring program.
Hydrogeologic Characterization for Proposed Low-level Radioactive Waste Repository, Central Illinois Conducted site investigations including innovative hydraulic conductivity slug tests using compressed air and pressure transducer/data loggers to develop a model of the geology and hydrogeology and to estimate aquifer parameters for several proposed low-level radioactive waste repository sites in central Illinois.
Deep Groundwater Well Design Installation and Testing, Boardman, Oregon Supported well design and development of drilling specifications, provided drilling supervision, and conducted geophysical logging and aquifer testing of a greater than 1,000 ft deep, basalt water supply well near Boardman, Oregon.
Water Supply Well Design, Corvallis, Oregon Completed an evaluation of hydrogeologic conditions in the vicinity of a proposed new package handling and distribution facility. Prepared a report summarizing the summarized the well installation permit requirements, site hydrogeologic conditions, and a proposed target well depth and well design.
Geohydrological Investigation of the Lake Oswego, Oregon, Area Conducted a geohydrological investigation of the Lake Oswego, Oregon area. Evaluated the effect of groundwater discharge from the underlying basalt aquifers on Lake Oswego surface water quality and the potential mitigation of nutrient driven algal blooms in the lake through the enhanced use of deep groundwater flushing.
Field Hydraulic Analysis, Centralia Coal Mine, Chehalis, Washington As a field hydrogeologist, conducted drilling and hydraulic testing of several flowing, artesian probes to evaluate hydraulic pore pressures within an access road dike system for use in engineering stability studies.

Litigation Support

Water Station 4, Vancouver, Washington Subject: The sources, transport, and fate of PCE and related organic chemicals in groundwater near the Water Station 4 groundwater supply for the city of Vancouver, Washington. Researched the location and historical operations of former dry-cleaning facilities and other potential sources upgradient of Water Station 4. Drew conclusions based on historical data and newly collected groundwater data. Prepared questions based on the historical and current data to be used for the deposition of an opposing expert witness. Case settled in 1997 prior to deposition. (The City of Vancouver v. Judith Griffee and Ronald Griffee et al., C.A. 94-2-01544-7. Superior Court of the State of Washington, Clark County)  
Litigation Support for a Chemical Distribution Facility, Santa Ana, California Provided support to defense attorneys for a lawsuit by the Orange County Water District against multiple parties for chlorinated organic compound contamination of a drinking water aquifer. Reviewed expert reports, deposition testimony, and technical reports and documentation. Prepared presentations and provided information to a Joint Defense Group. Prepared technical-based questions for the defense team for deposition of plaintiff’s and other defendant’s expert witnesses. Participated in depositions and provided real-time questions in response to expert’s deposition testimony.
Litigation Support on Source, Transport, and Fate of TCE in a Karst Aquifer in Lead-Zinc Mining District, Joplin, Missouri Prepared detailed hydrostratigraphic cross-sections showing the interconnection of highly permeable bedrock fractured zones and abandoned mine adits and shafts, evaluated groundwater capture zones, and provided oversight of the opposing expert’s installation of monitoring wells on the defendant's site. The opposing party’s claim that TCE was migrating from sources on the defendant’s site onto the plaintiff’s site was dismissed by the court.
Litigation Support for Investigation of Elevated Nitrate Levels in Groundwater near Chicken Farm, Deer Park, Washington Developed and sampled existing monitoring wells and nearby domestic wells, mapped groundwater flow directions, and integrated the data into a conceptual model of groundwater flow and contaminant source relationships. The data demonstrated that high concentrations of nitrate detected in some homeowners’ water wells were primarily associated with other sources (e.g., farm cesspools and septic systems) not the nearby chicken egg production facility.

Remedial Investigation

Process Water Reuse, Hermiston, Oregon Principal-in-charge for the remedial investigation of nitrate loading, fate, and transport to soil and groundwater for a large potato processing facility that reuses treated process water for irrigation and nutrient recycling at nearby agricultural fields. Provided technical data analysis regarding potential nitrate loading from treated reuse water in defense of a Notice of Violation. Also provided strategic input on the statement of work for implementing a remedial investigation and feasibility study to identify and address nitrate sources to groundwater.
Former Steam Plant, Seattle, Washington Principal-in-charge of the development of a sitewide RI/FS for a multiparty PRP group for an industrial site near the Lower Duwamish Waterway that includes a former steam plant and active aircraft manufacturing facility. Work includes the development of a hydrogeologic conceptual model that includes groundwater interactions with an active storm drain system and nearby waterway tidal influences, development of geochemical fate and transport analysis, technical review of other PRP consultant’s deliverables, and client advocacy during meetings with the Washington State Department of Ecology.
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study, Former Veneer Mill, Centralia, Washington Principal hydrogeologist in charge of the RI/FS of a former veneer mill in Centralia, Washington. The nature and extent of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and petroleum hydrocarbons and metals in soil and groundwater was investigated. An RI/FS report was prepared and submitted to the Washington State Department of Ecology. The RI/FS identified the nature and extent of contamination in soil and groundwater, provided a conceptual site model, conducted a terrestrial ecological evaluation, identified site-specific cleanup levels, including site-specific cleanup levels for total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) using the Model Toxics Control Act TPH Workbook, and identified a preferred alternative of soil excavation, transport, and disposal, primarily as a nonhazardous waste. The preferred alternative minimizes hazardous waste generation and remedial costs and optimizes site reuse. Continuing to lead interactions with the Washington State Department of Ecology independent remedial action project manager to complete the cleanup.    
Frenchtown Mill, Missoula, Montana Principal-in-charge, on behalf of multiple responsible parties, for the remedial investigation and risk assessment at a former mill site located along the Clark Fork River. Strategic advisor to client group on groundwater, fate and transport, and groundwater–river water interactions. Technical issues included identifying and distinguishing background concentrations for regional legacy chemicals, such as PCBs and dioxins/furans, and understanding seasonal groundwater fluctuations and fate and transport implications from an upgradient, unlined irrigation ditch. Participating in regulatory negotiations with EPA regarding remedial investigation and risk assessment activities. Assisting client group with other stakeholder concerns and negotiations.
Remedial Investigation for Trichloroethene (TCE), Former Metals Machining Facility, Milwaukie, Oregon Managed the remedial investigation of TCE in groundwater and soil at a former metals machining facility. Designed and oversaw several phases of investigation that demonstrated the source of TCE was on two adjoining properties that were once a single parcel. Key technical issues included the sources, nature and extent, and fate and transport of TCE and other related chlorinated VOCs in groundwater at and downgradient from the site. Releases of TCE-containing degreaser waste, including dense, nonaqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL), created separate groundwater plumes in shallow and deeper groundwater zones at the site. Later phases of the remedial investigation included a cooperative, joint investigation between multiple responsible parties. After completion of the RI/FS and interim remedial measures (IRMs) for the site, a settlement was reached with the three primary responsible parties, insurance companies, and Oregon DEQ that allowed for a precedent setting settlement agreement that allowed a release of liability for the responsible parties and a settlement fund for the state of Oregon to complete the site cleanup.
Shipyard Construction and Repair Facility, San Diego, California Principal hydrogeologist for an uplands investigation, fate and transport analysis, and corrective action recommendation. The site, located in a historically industrial area, had been affected by historical site uses, including a city garbage incinerator, tank farm, and marine fueling facility. Contaminants of concern included diesel and crude oil fuels that were present as light, nonaqueous-phase liquid (LNAPL) on the groundwater surface, in addition to lead, PAH, and TPH in soil. The investigation identified contaminant source areas, migration pathways, and quantitatively assessed chemical transport and fate. The corrective action plan incorporated LNAPL removal, soil treatment, and in situ soil stabilization, which complemented the commercial redevelopment of the site. The preferred corrective action was accepted by the San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board and the Port of San Diego.
DDT Manufacturing Facility RI/FS, Portland, Oregon Managed the upland RI/FS of a former DDT manufacturing facility. DDT manufacturing was conducted at the site in the 1940s and 1950s, and liquid residue discharges were directed into a discharge pond adjacent to the Willamette River. Upland soil, groundwater, and stormwater investigations and preliminary sediment investigations were conducted. The groundwater investigation focused on the nature and extent and fate and transport of DDT and a DNAPL residue consisting of primarily MCB. DDT cosolvency in the MCB DNAPL waste was also investigated.
Active Steel Mill Remedial Investigation, Willamette River, Portland, Oregon Managed the remedial investigation of a steel manufacturing facility, operating at the site since 1969. The facility manufactures high-quality steel plate, coil, and other products using primarily scrap steel. Key environmental issues investigated included the nature and extent of metals, PAHs, and PCBs in site soil, groundwater, stormwater and adjacent river sediments in addition to the identification and investigation of a former oil sump owned by the Port of Portland that was operated as a disposal facility for waste bunker fuel oil and other waste fluids. The site is adjacent to the Willamette River Portland Harbor Superfund site.
RCRA Facility Investigation of a Pulp and Paper Mill, Savannah, Georgia As senior hydrogeologist completed the assessment of more than 100 solid waste management units (SWMUs) and participated in the preparation of a RCRA facility investigation work plan that provided an approach for the investigation and closure of SWMUs at an active pulp and paper mill and neighboring chemical plant. Successfully completed the preparation of the work plan under an extremely short time frame with a deadline that was subject to large stipulated penalties for any delay in submittal. The work plan was submitted on time and was accepted by the Georgia Environmental Protection Division.
McCormick & Baxter Creosoting Company, Portland, Oregon Served as lead geologist, hydrogeologist, and field team leader for a remedial investigation of the Superfund site. The remedial investigation included a multidisciplinary investigation of surface and subsurface soil, surface water, groundwater, and sediments containing inorganic (arsenic, chromium, copper, and zinc), and organic (PAH, PCP, and dioxin) compounds. Served as field team leader for field investigations, including surface and subsurface soil sampling; the installation, development, and sampling of more than 25 new monitoring wells; river sediment coring from the river bank and offshore barge platforms; hydraulic testing and evaluation; air investigation tasks; and residuals management. As lead geologist and hydrogeologist completed data analysis, nature and extent and fate and transport assessments and preparation of the soil and groundwater analysis portions of the remedial investigation report. Also served as health and safety officer and assisted with project management responsibilities, including field logistics, preparing progress reports, statements of work for subcontractors, coordinating subcontractors, and scheduling of up to 20 field staff.
Sodium Chlorate Production Facility, Willamette River, Portland, Oregon Managed the remedial investigation of hexavalent chromium releases from a sodium chlorate production facility located along the Willamette River in Portland Oregon. The investigation identified releases of hexavalent chromium in groundwater and soil beneath and downgradient of the facility. Key technical issues included characterization of the stratigraphically controlled vadose zone and shallow groundwater flow paths in the shallow hydrogeologic setting and the fate and transport of hexavalent chromium in shallow groundwater adjacent to the river.
Technical Oversight for RI/FS, Umatilla Army Depot Activity, Hermiston, Oregon Provided technical review and oversight for the development of a work plan and field sampling plan and for the implementation of a remedial investigation of groundwater and soil at the Umatilla Army Depot Activity, Hermiston, Oregon. Chemicals of interest at the site included explosives (i.e., RDX, trinitrotoluene [TNT]), nerve gas agents (i.e., mustard gas), and other chemicals (i.e., nitrates).

Forensics

Newspaper Printing Facility, Tacoma, Washington Principal-in-charge of the forensic analysis of PAHs in stormwater catch basin solids in a parking lot at an active newspaper printing facility in Tacoma, Washington. Potential PAH sources included former petroleum USTs and coal-tar-based parking lot surface coatings. Chemical forensic analyses demonstrated that the source of PAHs to the stormwater catch basins was from erosion of the coal-tar-based parking lot surface coating. The remediation involved recoating the asphalt parking lot with a non-coal-tar-based asphalt coating. The remedy was accepted by the City of Tacoma’s stormwater source control program.
Parking Lot Expansion Joint/Mount St. Helens Ash Assessment, Portland, Oregon Conducted field sampling of ash accumulated in an expansion joint of a shopping mall parking lot. Documented and described the sedimentary structures, consulted with experts in the chemical composition of Mount St. Helens ash, and obtained geochemical analyses of the ash samples. The investigation established that a large accumulation of Mount St. Helens ash in parking lot expansion joints caused their failure.
Regional TCE Groundwater Plume, Superfund Site, Bay Area, California Principal geologist for response to an EPA claim that the parties responsible for the regional TCE plume remediation were also responsible for historical TCE releases to groundwater in an area outside of the regional TCE plume. EPA claimed that “hot spots” were formed from historical discharges in sanitary sewers in the 1960s. Conducted forensic geochemical analyses, hydrogeologic analysis, and focused PRP identification. The results of the investigation and analysis demonstrated that hot spots claimed to be from sewer leakage in the 1960s were from other chlorinated solvent sources. Demonstrated that one hot spot was from TCE use at a former vector control maintenance yard and another one was from PCE use at a dry cleaner site.

Fate and Transport

Proposed Gold Mine, Oregon Principal-in-charge of work assisting the State of Oregon with technical review of geochemical evaluation work plans and test results in support of a third-party’s chemical process mining permit application. The technical review included the evaluation of proposed geochemical characterization work sufficiency, technical analysis and review of geochemical characterization results, and an evaluation of whether the work met State of Oregon regulations and requirements for chemical process mining. Provided written documentation of review findings and support to the State of Oregon. Participated in technical discussions with the permittee and other stakeholders to facilitate permit application completion and final permitting by the State.
Assessment of an Existing Fate and Transport Model to Support PCP Attenuation Time Frame Predictions, Former Wood Treating Facility, Springfield, Oregon Principal-in-charge of the review and assessment of existing groundwater flow and contaminant fate and transport models used to assess the rate of degradation of a PCP plume at a lumber mill. Conducted a review of the existing contaminant fate and transport model which predicted a 65-year time frame for the attenuation of a PCP plume. Recommended refinement of the groundwater flow and fate and transport models to refine the PCP fate and transport predictions. The refined groundwater model demonstrated that the PCP groundwater plume would attenuate naturally within a timeframe acceptable to Oregon DEQ.
Pier 23, Tacoma, Washington Principal-in-charge of support for a remedial investigation and fate and transport analysis for a military reserve base on Commencement Bay. Support tasks included the installation of groundwater monitoring wells, hourly monitoring of groundwater levels using transducers and data loggers, data reduction and analysis to account for tidal fluctuation that propagate in the shallow groundwater zone and chemical fate and transport analysis using analytical solutions to demonstrate the low-mobility of chemicals, primarily PAHs, in site groundwater.
Americium and Neptunium Radionuclide Mobility in Basalt Aquifers Conducted research including batch partitioning experiments with americium 241 and neptunium-239 and the analysis of naturally occurring humic and fulvic acids in groundwater from basalt aquifers to estimate the potential mobility of these high-level radionuclides in deep Columbia River basalt aquifers.

Contaminated Sediments

Sediment and Upland Source Tracing and Control at Electric Power Generating Station, Hawaii Principal-in-charge for the design and implementation of PCB source control for an electrical utility in association with the U.S. Navy’s planned Superfund cleanup of PCB-impacted sediments in Pearl Harbor. Activities included overseeing engineering design plan, drawing, and specification development for remedial areas with historical PCB contamination. Remediation includes removal of accumulated PCB-containing soil and sediment from selected site water conveyance/drainage tunnels and pipelines as well as capping of accumulated PCBs in sediment in drainages to Pearl Harbor. Provided permitting support to obtain federal, state, and local approvals for remedial actions. Providing ongoing bidding and remediation support.  
Former Snopac Site Sediment and Shoreline Source Control, Seattle, Washington Principal-in-charge of the completion of an MTCA feasibility study for nearshore and submerged sediment at the site located in Slip 1 of the Lower Duwamish Waterway. Remedial technologies and cleanup alternatives were identified and evaluated in the feasibility study. The preferred remedy included sediment dredging and cap placement. Finalized the feasibility report for submittal to the Washington State Department of Ecology and participated in agency negotiations and public review. The feasibility study was approved by the Washington State Department of Ecology, and a draft cleanup action plan was prepared.  
Shipyard Construction and Repair Facility, San Diego, California Principal hydrogeologist for an uplands investigation, fate and transport analysis, and corrective action recommendation. The site, located in a historically industrial area, had been affected by historical site uses, including a city garbage incinerator, tank farm, and marine fueling facility. Contaminants of concern included diesel and crude oil fuels that were present as light, nonaqueous-phase liquid (LNAPL) on the groundwater surface, in addition to lead, PAH, and TPH in soil. The investigation identified contaminant source areas, migration pathways, and quantitatively assessed chemical transport and fate. The corrective action plan incorporated LNAPL removal, soil treatment, and in situ soil stabilization, which complemented the commercial redevelopment of the site. The preferred corrective action was accepted by the San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board and the Port of San Diego.
DDT Manufacturing Facility RI/FS, Portland, Oregon Managed the upland RI/FS of a former DDT manufacturing facility. DDT manufacturing was conducted at the site in the 1940s and 1950s, and liquid residue discharges were directed into a discharge pond adjacent to the Willamette River. Upland soil, groundwater, and stormwater investigations and preliminary sediment investigations were conducted. The groundwater investigation focused on the nature and extent and fate and transport of DDT and a DNAPL residue consisting of primarily MCB. DDT cosolvency in the MCB DNAPL waste was also investigated.
McCormick & Baxter Creosoting Company, Portland, Oregon Served as lead geologist, hydrogeologist, and field team leader for a remedial investigation of the Superfund site. The remedial investigation included a multidisciplinary investigation of surface and subsurface soil, surface water, groundwater, and sediments containing inorganic (arsenic, chromium, copper, and zinc), and organic (PAH, PCP, and dioxin) compounds. Served as field team leader for field investigations, including surface and subsurface soil sampling; the installation, development, and sampling of more than 25 new monitoring wells; river sediment coring from the river bank and offshore barge platforms; hydraulic testing and evaluation; air investigation tasks; and residuals management. As lead geologist and hydrogeologist completed data analysis, nature and extent and fate and transport assessments and preparation of the soil and groundwater analysis portions of the remedial investigation report. Also served as health and safety officer and assisted with project management responsibilities, including field logistics, preparing progress reports, statements of work for subcontractors, coordinating subcontractors, and scheduling of up to 20 field staff.
Sediment Removal Action at Former DDT Manufacturing Facility, Willamette River, Portland, Oregon Principal-in-charge of the in-water EE/CA for a sediment removal action at a former chlor-alkali manufacturing facility located within the Portland Harbor Superfund site on the Willamette River. The EE/CA addresses the potential for ongoing migration of chemicals from the uplands site to the river and involves evaluating remedial options to address chemicals in the site sediments and pore water. Chemicals of concern (COCs) include DDT, monochlorobenzene (MCB), sodium perchlorate, and hexavalent chromium. Key technical and regulatory issues that are being addressed include the characterization of the stratigraphically controlled distribution of COCs, defining the removal action area boundary, the timing of the removal action with respect to other groundwater and stormwater source control measures that are being implemented, and the evaluation, selection, and design of a non-time critical removal action for the site in accordance with a EPA Administrative Order of Consent.
Stormwater Source Control Measures at Former DDT Manufacturing Facility, Willamette River, Portland, Oregon Principal-in-charge of stormwater source control measures (SCMs) for a former DDT manufacturing facility located along the Willamette River. Provided strategic support for the negotiation of a Mutual Agreement and Order with Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) to amend the existing NPDES permit and provide a scope and schedule for implementation of the stormwater SCMs. Completed the feasibility study, design, and construction of SCMs to address the discharge of DDT and related contaminants in stormwater. SCMs included temporary capping of areas of known contamination, decommissioning of the current site stormwater collection system, and stormwater treatment via a detention basin and sand filter. Oversaw monitoring of the implemented stormwater SCMs to assess performance and optimize treatment.

Site Investigation

Investigation of Potential Sources of TCE in Municipal Water Supply Wells, Milwaukie, Oregon Served as principal investigator in Superfund investigations into the source of TCE and other volatile organic chemical contamination in eight municipal water supply wells in a 10 square mile area of Milwaukie, Oregon. Reviewed hydrogeologic data and prepared a conceptual model of groundwater flow within the study area, summarized and analyzed the existing groundwater data, and conducted review of chemical usage databases, property ownership records, and aerial photographs into and integrated assessment of potential VOC sources and pathways. Prepared recommendations based on the findings of the investigation.
Investigation of Potential Sources of TCE in Municipal Water Supply Wells, Lake Oswego, Oregon Served as principal investigator in Superfund investigations into the source of TCE and other volatile organic chemical contamination in several municipal water supply wells in Lake Oswego, Oregon. Reviewed hydrogeologic data and prepared a conceptual model of groundwater flow within the study area, summarized and analyzed the existing groundwater data, and conducted review of chemical usage databases, property ownership records, and aerial photographs into and integrated assessment of potential VOC sources and pathways. Prepared recommendations based on the findings of the investigation.
Groundwater Monitoring Program at Boomsnub Chrome Plating Facility, Vancouver, Washington Developed and implemented a detection monitoring program for chromic acid (hexavalent chromium) contamination of soil and groundwater. Established the first nested deep monitoring wells at the site to evaluate the horizontal and vertical extent of hexavalent chromium in groundwater.
Screening Site Inspection of Former Pesticide and Herbicide Formulator, Oregon-California Chemical Company, Junction City, Oregon Managed a screening site inspection of a pesticide and herbicide formulator/distributor located in Junction City, Oregon. Investigation included developing a sampling plan; performing field sampling of soils, groundwater, and a nearby slough; reporting levels of pesticides and herbicides found at the site; and tabulating data and ranking the site using the hazard ranking system.
Screening Site Inspection of Macleay Landfill, Salem, Oregon Managed a screening site inspection of the Macleay Landfill, a closed municipal waste landfill located near Salem, Oregon. Investigation included developing a sampling plan, performing field sampling of site soils and nearby groundwater and surface water, reporting levels of organic and inorganic contaminants found at the site, and tabulating data and ranking the site using the EPA hazard ranking system.
Soil and Groundwater Investigations, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho Conducted soil and groundwater investigations into the release of petroleum hydrocarbons and volatile organic hydrocarbons from underground storage tanks (USTs) or other systems in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho.

Expert Testimony

Gas Station Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination, Kent, Washington Subject: Source and distribution of LNAPL and dissolved-phase petroleum hydrocarbons, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), from a former gasoline service station onto downgradient City of Kent right-of-way and the downgradient property. Evaluated the fate and transport of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination, the ongoing presence of LNAPL in portions of the petroleum hydrocarbon plume, and the requirements to achieve regulatory compliance for cleanup of the downgradient property. Deposition: 2024. Case settled. (G/R Meeker Street LLC v. Equilon Enterprises LLC dba Shell Oil Products US et al., C.A. 23-2-11184-2 KNT. Superior Court of Washington for King County)    
PCE Soil and Groundwater Contamination, Seattle, Washington Subject: Evaluation of groundwater flow and the fate and transport of PCE and PCE-degradation products from a former industrial dry-cleaning site. Assessed the complex, layered hydraulic flow system in shallow fill, glacial till, and glacial outwash deposits. Conducted detailed, original analyses of groundwater potentiometric and geochemical data that demonstrated the deepest of three groundwater zones was flowing in the opposite direction as claimed by the plaintiff, and therefore, could not have impacted the plaintiff’s property under static (non-pumping) groundwater conditions. Deposition: 2018. Case settled. (Washington Builders LLC et al v. 700 Dexter LLC et al., C.A. 16-2-30634-9 SEA. Superior Court of Washington for King County)  
PCB and Petroleum Hydrocarbon Soil Contamination, Los Angeles, California Subject: Sources, timing, and nature and extent of PCB and petroleum hydrocarbon soil contamination, soil disposal costs for PCB-containing soils, and the reasonableness of the selected remedy based on the cost effectiveness criterion. Deposition: 2016. Case settled. (City of Los Angeles v. BAE Systems San Diego Ship Repair Inc., the U.S. Department of the Navy. et al., C.A. 13-CV-8810 CBM (AGRx). United States District Court, Central District of California)
Chemical Distribution Facility, Santa Ana, California Subject: The nature and extent of VOCs and 1,4-dioxane in soil and groundwater at a chemical distribution facility in Santa Ana, California, and the effectiveness of the long-term groundwater pump-and-treat and dual-phase extraction remediation system on the containment and capture of site groundwater. Oversaw preparation of conceptual site model and semiannual groundwater reports. Deposition: 2011 (fact witness). Judgment in favor of defendants in 2013. Case appealed by Orange County Water District. Deposition: 2019 (fact witness). Case settled. (Orange County Water District v. Sabic Innovative Plastics US, LLC. et al., C.A. 30-2008-00078246-CU-TT-CXC. Superior Court of the State of California, County of Orange - Civil Complex Center)
Former Manufactured Gas Plant and Other Contaminated Sites, Vicinity of 5th Avenue and Jackson Street, Seattle, Washington Subject: The sources and timing of contamination from the former manufactured gas plant (MGP) and other contaminated sites located in the vicinity of 5th Avenue and Jackson Street in Seattle, Washington. Conducted data analysis and prepared written expert opinion on the sources, timing, and continuity of contamination at the site. Deposition: 2005. Case settled. (Puget Sound Energy, Inc. v. Alba General Insurance Co. et al. C.A. 97-2-29050-3 SEA. Superior Court of the State of Washington, King County)
Former Power Plant, Spokane, Washington Subject: The timing, fate, and transport of releases of Bunker C fuels at a former power plant in Spokane, Washington. Conducted analysis of historical groundwater and NAPL monitoring data, power plant use and release records, and groundwater flow paths including an analysis of the bedrock surface as a potential preferential pathway. Deposition: 1998. Case settled. (Washington Water Power Company v. Underwriters at Lloyds and Certain London Market Companies. C.A. 96-2-07431-9. Superior Court of the State of Washington, Spokane County)
Litigation Support for Private Landowner in Support of a Property Valuation Lawsuit for Former Gasoline Station, Portland, Oregon Reviewed existing site investigation and remediation documentation and prepared a written opinion regarding the source and distribution of petroleum hydrocarbons at the site. Provided courtroom testimony as a fact witness based on written opinion.
Expert Report on Potential Groundwater Surface Rise and Impacts on Downgradient Hospital Building Flooring, Port Townsend, Washington Conducted a site investigation and related research on the potential for water leakage from a small office building to have caused a rise in the shallow groundwater surface and damage to vinyl flooring and carpeting in a downgradient hospital building. Prepared a findings report with supporting data that demonstrated that the damage claim was factually inaccurate and therefore invalid. The claim against the small office building owner was dropped.

Cost Allocation

Expert and Mediation Services for TCE NAPL and Groundwater Contamination, San Antonio, Texas Subject: Evaluation of TCE use in vapor degreaser and bath degreasers and timing of releases of TCE to groundwater at a former air conditioner manufacturing facility. Evaluated groundwater flow system and fate and transport of TCE, 1,1,1-TCA and other organic compounds. Using the groundwater data set, demonstrated that soil borings and monitoring wells installed by one of the plaintiff’s consultants created preferential pathways that caused the TCE plume to expand rapidly and dramatically increased the cost to remediate the site. Mediation: 2018. Case settled. (Banco Popular North America v. Friedrich Air Conditioning Co., Ltd., USNR, LLC, and The Marley-Wylain Company. C.A. 2016-CI- 19838. District Court of Bexar, Texas, 166th Judicial District)  
Potential Litigation Matter, Former Industrial Facility, Los Angeles, California Principal geologist for review of claims by the former site owner that TCE, PCE, and other contaminants present in shallow soil gas are from chemical releases to shallow soil from site use by the current site owner. Through file review, data analysis, and chemical forensics, demonstrated that current owner’s TCE use was nominal, chemicals were handled and disposed of in accordance with best practices, no soil and groundwater contamination was identified related to the current site building’s sewer discharge, and the former site owner’s denial of historical TCE use was unfounded, as proven by historical analytical documentation.
Confidential Petroleum Site Settlement Negotiation, New York Principal hydrogeologist in charge of evaluating the contribution of petroleum hydrocarbons from a group of oil bulk storage terminals to a larger CERCLA site in New York State to evaluate potential environmental liability for settlement negotiations. Codesigned a sediment sampling program to obtain geochemical data to supplement an extensive, existing data set, for forensic evaluation of potential PAH and petroleum hydrocarbon sources to lake sediment. Evaluated the composition of the petroleum products handled onsite and applied forensic techniques to compare these products to the larger sediment site and other sources to the site including publicly owned treatment work outfalls, urban runoff, chemical manufacturing, and MGP plant discharges. Presented the quantitative chemical forensic evaluation in the context of the site-wide CSM of chemical sources, transport pathways, and contaminated sediments to support allocation. Ongoing matter.
Potential PAH Source Search, Confidential Site, Toledo, Ohio Principal hydrogeologist in charge of the evaluation of potential contributing sources of PAH and petroleum hydrocarbons to a small urban watershed that drains into Lake Erie. Used existing analytical data in combination with agency file information, watershed characteristics, and forensic geochemical analysis to evaluate other possible sources of PAHs to sediments. Developed a scoring and ranking system to prioritize identified potential PAH sources to the site.
Confidential Site, Baltimore, Maryland As a designated expert for the defense, evaluated the influences of groundwater extraction at a shipyard’s graving dock facility on the fate and transport of BTEX and chlorinated organic compounds in groundwater at an adjacent industrial site. Compiled relevant information and evaluated the site data to support the development of a conceptual site model and an expert report. Litigation was suspended prior to trial as a result of the client’s bankruptcy filing.
Litigation Support for TCE at Former Metals Machining Facility, Milwaukie, Oregon Designed data collection activities to support litigation related cost allocation and cost recovery requirements. Provided declarations opining on the source and areas of TCE-containing waste disposal, the characteristics of TCE migration, and the timing and location of historical releases based on an evaluation of the groundwater flow system.
Cost Allocation Support for a Lumber Mill, Vaughn, Oregon Prepared a conceptual model of petroleum hydrocarbon releases to soil and groundwater in support of cost allocation negotiations with the existing property owner.

Geological Monitoring

Kelly Avenue Landslide, The Dalles, Oregon As a field hydrogeologist, oversaw air-rotary drilling, lithologic logging, and installation of six dewatering wells to control the landslide around Kelly Avenue in The Dalles. Conducted slope inclinometer and water level monitoring utilizing transducers and data loggers. Conducted data analysis and evaluated the effectiveness of groundwater dewatering on reducing landslide movement.
Bull Run Dam Slope Stability Monitoring, Bull Run, Oregon Conducted slope inclinometer monitoring and used pre-existing and new monitoring data to prepare a report documenting the movement of a landslide within the Bull Run watershed.
Kuebler Boulevard Geotechnical Investigation, Salem, Oregon Led the field investigation for the proposed construction of Kuebler Boulevard in Salem, Oregon, including borehole drilling, test pits, soil sampling, standard penetration tests, and preparation of geotechnical soil lithologic logs and descriptions.
Geotechnical Field Investigations As a field geologist conducted dozens of soil investigation studies utilizing various drilling methods (i.e., hollow-stem auger, mud-rotary, push-probe, cable tool) to collect and describe soil samples in accordance with ASTM or similar soil classification standards. Conducted field standard penetration testing and various laboratory tests to measure soil properties that were used in geotechnical engineering evaluations and design.

Natural Resource Damage Assessment

Groundwater Natural Resource Damage Assessment (NRDA) Technical Advisor, Confidential Client Advise client on various strategic and technical aspects of groundwater NRDA, injury assessment, liability allocation, and restoration project identification. Ongoing matter.

Groundwater Monitoring

Well Sampling, Sulphur Bank Mine, California Conducted sampling of groundwater for mercury at the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine in Clear Lake, California.

Risk Assessment

Pentachlorophenol Phaseout Assessment, Pest Management Regulatory Agency, Health Canada Principal-in-charge of a technical assessment of the phaseout of PCP registration and use proposed by Health Canada. Oversaw the review and opinions provided by Integral’s human health toxicologist related to PCP use and personal protection requirements in the wood-treating process, the potential waste disposal implications for an abbreviated (1-year) PCP phaseout, and an incremental human-health risk/benefit analysis of extending the PCP phaseout timeline.    
Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessments, Former Chlor-Alkali Manufacturing Plant, Portland, Oregon Principal-in-charge for human health and ecological risk assessments for the uplands and riparian areas of a former pesticide and chlor-alkali manufacturing facility located along the Willamette River. COCs included DDT, MCB, sodium perchlorate, and hexavalent chromium.
Active Steel Mill Remedial Investigation, Willamette River, Portland, Oregon Managed the remedial investigation of a steel manufacturing facility, operating at the site since 1969. The facility manufactures high-quality steel plate, coil, and other products using primarily scrap steel. Key environmental issues investigated included the nature and extent of metals, PAHs, and PCBs in site soil, groundwater, stormwater and adjacent river sediments in addition to the identification and investigation of a former oil sump owned by the Port of Portland that was operated as a disposal facility for waste bunker fuel oil and other waste fluids. The site is adjacent to the Willamette River Portland Harbor Superfund site.

Boggs, S., Jr., D. Livermore, and M.G. Seitz. 1985. Humic macromolecules in natural waters. J. Macromol. Sci. 25(4):599–657.

Boggs, S., Jr., D. Livermore, and M.G. Seitz. 1984. Humic substances in natural waters and their complexation with trace metals and radionuclides: a review. ANL-84-78. Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL.

Siegel, D.I., and D.G. Livermore. 1984. A chloride budget for the Mississippi River, headwaters to mouth. Water Resour. Bull. 20:503–509.

Livermore, D.G., and D.I. Siegel. 1983. A mass budget for chloride in the Mississippi River from headwaters to mouth (abs.). EOS 64:700.

Livermore, D. 2024. Ongoing use of fate and transport modeling to support a successful natural attenuation remedy for PCP in groundwater: A 10-year perspective. Presentation published in the proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on the Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Denver, CO. June.

Livermore, D.G., A. Pomeroy, E. Dodak, and M. Pinto. 2023. Evaluating optimal groundwater-surface water discharge monitoring periods for source control evaluation in Portland Harbor—A novel approach. National Groundwater Association Groundwater Week, Las Vegas, NV. December.

Livermore, D.G., A. Pomeroy, E. Dodak, and M. Pinto. 2023. A novel approach for evaluating optimal groundwater-surface water discharge monitoring periods for source control evaluation in Portland Harbor. Presentation published in the proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments, Austin, TX. January.

Livermore, D., and A. Frankel. 2022. The importance of CSM verification: Implications for source identification, monitoring, and remediation. Presentation published in the proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on the Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Palm Springs, CA. May.

Livermore, D., B. Starr, S. Sherman, and D. Hull. 2019. Humboldt Community Services District well evaluation and replacement. Platform presentation at AEHS 29th Annual International Conference on Soil, Water, Energy, and Air. San Diego, CA. March 18-21.

Livermore, D., B. Starr, E. Dodak, S. Sherman, and D. Hull. 2018. Humboldt Community Services District well evaluation and replacement. First Annual Western Groundwater Congress, Sacramento, CA. September.

Baker, L., D. Livermore, A. Crowley, D. Gilpin, and T. Slater. 2017. The many faces of source control in the Pacific Northwest. Presentation published in the proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments, New Orleans, LA. January.

Miller, M., and D. Livermore. 2016. Determining who pays for environmental remediation: Legal and technical issues. Superfund in Oregon Conference, Portland, OR. October 21.

Miller, M., and D. Livermore. 2015. Determining who pays for contaminated sediment cleanup. Northwest Environmental Business Council, Portland, OR. June 11.

Livermore, D., and E. Dodak. 2015. Tidally influenced groundwater: Implications for contaminant fate and transport and sediment site remediation-Lower Willamette River examples. Presentation published in the proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments, New Orleans, LA. January.

Livermore, D., J. Sund, M. Martin, and T. Slater. 2015. Stormwater source control: A low-maintenance, passive system to treat DDT to part-per-trillion concentrations—two years of monitoring. Presentation published in the proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments, New Orleans, LA. January.

Livermore, D. 2013. Stormwater treatment design for removal of DDT and other parameters to meet NPDES and source control requirements on the Lower Willamette River. Managing Stormwater in the Northwest, Tacoma, WA. March.

Livermore, D., M. Martin, and T. Slater. 2013. Achieving stormwater source control for an engineering evaluation/cost analysis on the 303d water quality limited Willamette River. Presentation published in the proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments, Dallas, TX. February.

Livermore, D. 2011. Vapor intrusion—Recent changes and future implications. Northwest Environmental Business Council, Portland, OR. October.

Livermore, D., and T. Slater. 2011. Use of chemical mass-to-sediment volume relationships as an effective tool to build stakeholder consensus for defining a sediment removal area. Presentation published in the proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments, New Orleans, LA. February.

Dodak, E., D. Livermore, E. Strandhagen, and T. Slater. 2009. Modeling and analyzing mass and volume of DDx contamination in sediment for environmental remediation. Presentation published in the proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Remediation of Contaminated Sediments, Jacksonville, FL. February.

Strandhagen, E., E. Dodak, and D. Livermore. 2008. Modeling and analyzing mass and volume of DDx contamination in sediment for environmental remediation. American Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Annual Conference, Portland, OR.

McWilliams, L., D. Livermore, D. Lamadrid, T. Sparacio, and E. Dodak. 2002. Using a chemical tracer to map groundwater flow in vadose zone soils. Presentation at the National Ground Water Association 2002 Ground Water Expo, Las Vegas, NV. December.

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