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Jordan Kozal, Ph.D.

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Jordan Kozal, Ph.D.
Senior Consultant

Jordan Kozal, Ph.D.

Senior Consultant (203) 415-9244 San Francisco, CA jkozal@integral-corp.com

Dr. Jordan Kozal is a Senior Consultant with more than 10 years of experience in the health and environmental science fields. Her principal areas of training and expertise are toxicology and ecotoxicology, as well as human health and environmental risk assessment. Dr. Kozal’s primary practice areas also include product stewardship and sustainability. Through her work, Dr. Kozal has evaluated potential health hazards and risks from exposure to a wide range of industrial chemicals (e.g., lead, asbestos, semiconductor chemicals), environmental contaminants (e.g., wildfire smoke, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances [PFAS], microplastics), food and feed additives and contaminants, pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements, over the counter drugs, medical devices, wearable devices, personal care products, and cosmetics.

Product Stewardship

Product Stewardship Advisory Services for an Anti-Methanogenic Feed Additive for Cattle, California and Hawaii Evaluated potential human health risks associated with exposure to residues of concern in beef and dairy. Assisted with preparation of an independent generally recognized as safe conclusion. Assisted with laboratory toxicity testing for in vitro genotoxicity and in vivo subchronic oral toxicity studies following Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines, which are required for feed additive applications in the European Union per legislation and European Food Safety Authority guidance. Assisted with air sampling for industrial hygiene and air permitting purposes.

Human Health Risk Assessment

Human Health Risk Assessments, United States Conducted toxicological reviews and human health risk assessments for numerous products and chemicals (e.g., wearable devices, self-defense products, wildfire smoke, sunscreen agents, personal care products, pharmaceuticals) and exposure scenarios (e.g., occupational, environmental, and consumer use).
Health-Based Guidance Value Derivation, United States Derived health-based guidance values for various types of chemicals (e.g., active pharmaceutical ingredients, excipients, and impurities), including occupational exposure limits, acceptable daily intakes, and permitted daily exposures.
Occupational Exposure Banding, United States Performed occupational exposure banding for new chemicals (e.g., semiconductor and battery cathode materials) with no or limited available toxicity data.
Systematic Reviews, United States Assisted with comprehensive systematic reviews of the potential human carcinogenicity of ethylene oxide and propylene dichloride. Epidemiological, experimental animal, and mechanistic studies were evaluated for methodological quality and integrated to reach conclusions (see peer-reviewed publications).
Mode of Action Assessments, United States Led efforts to evaluate the potential mode(s) of action contributing to tumor formation in humans for ethylene oxide and propylene dichloride, as part of larger systematic reviews (see peer-reviewed publications).

Toxicology

Laboratory Toxicity Testing, Worldwide (including Germany) Assisted clients with laboratory toxicity testing for new chemicals and products (e.g., feed additives and battery cathode materials). Specifically, helped clients to identify suitable laboratories and with laboratory communication throughout the studies. Further, assisted clients and laboratories with study design, data analysis, and preparation of study reports. Studies have included OECD guideline studies for the purpose of gaining regulatory approval.

Environmental Risk Assessment

Environmental Impact and Risk Assessment of Glyphosate, United States Led an environmental impact and risk assessment effort to proactively identify potential risk to honeybees, birds, and mammals, as well as off-target plants, associated with a company’s use of glyphosate. Conducted exposure modeling and risk assessments in accordance with EPA guidance.
Evaluation of PFAS Bioaccumulation in Fish at a Contaminated Site, Australia Evaluated potential PFAS bioaccumulation in various types of fish species at a site historically contaminated with PFAS. The results of this analysis were used to further evaluate potential risks to humans consuming fish from this site.

Risk Communication

Risk Assessment and Communication Support for a Statewide Children’s Advocacy Organization, North Carolina Worked collaboratively on an interdisciplinary team of attorneys, scientists, policymakers, advocacy organizations, and medical professionals to reduce childhood lead poisoning in North Carolina. Reviewed scientific literature and clinical guidelines to identify priority issues and formulate science-based policy recommendations for the client. Developed infographics and issue briefs translating complex scientific ideas into platforms appropriate for target audiences (e.g., policymakers) and facilitated community outreach efforts. The client and a North Carolina congressman used the materials to successfully advocate for the inclusion of a special provision on lead in North Carolina’s Appropriations Act of 2017, which passed with bipartisan support, putting North Carolina among the first states to provide statutory protection for pregnant women against environmental lead exposure.

Marine Science

Field and Laboratory Research, California Tagged and photographed great white sharks to study population dynamics and migration patterns. Characterized the cardiac toxicity of crude oil from BP oil spill in tuna and mackerel.

Massarsky, A., J.A. Parker, L. Gloekler, M.T. Donnell, N.R. Binczewski, J.S. Kozal, T. McKnight, A. Patterson, and M.L. Kreider. 2024. Assessing potential human health and ecological implications of PFAS from leave-in dental products. Toxicol. Ind. Health 40(3):91–103.

Santamaria, A.B., R.N. Hirani, J.S. Kozal, and C.K. Alexander-White. 2024. Toxicology of Cosmetics. [Book Chapter] In: Patty’s Toxicology. E. Bingham, B. Cohrssen, and C.H. Powell (eds.). Seventh Edition. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471125474.tox171

Kozal, J.S., N. Jayasundara, A. Massarsky, C.D. Lindberg, A.N. Oliveri, E.M. Cooper, E.D. Levin, J.N. Meyer, and R.T. Di Giulio. 2023. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress contribute to cross-generational toxicity of benzo(a)pyrene in Danio rerio. Aquat. Toxicol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106658.

Kozal, J.S., H.N. Lynch, J. Klapacz, R.S. Schoeny, P.A. Jean, and A. Maier. 2023. Mode of action assessment for propylene dichloride as a human carcinogen. Chem-Biol. Interact.110382. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110382.

Lynch, H.N., J.S. Kozal, M.J. Vincent, R.D. Freid, E.M. Beckett, S. Brown, C. Mathis, R.S. Schoeny, and A. Maier. 2023. Systematic review of the human health hazards of propylene dichloride. Regul. Toxicol. Pharm. 144:105468. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105468.

Gloekler, L.E., N.R. Binczewski, E. de Gandiaga, K.E. Gibbs, J.S. Kozal, A. Massarsky, M.J. Vincent, R.E. Zisook, G.S. Dotson, and S.H. Gaffney. 2022. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of children’s hand sanitizers available during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int. J. Env. Res. Pub. He. 19(21):14424. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192114424.

Lynch, H.N., J.S. Kozal, A.J. Russel, W.J. Thompson, H.R. Divis, R.D. Freid, E.J. Calabrese, and K.A. Mundt. 2022. Systematic review of the scientific evidence on ethylene oxide as a human carcinogen. Chem-Biol. Interact. 364:110031. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110031.

Massarsky, A., M.T. Donnell, E.J. de Gandiaga, J.S. Kozal, L.C. Garnick, J.A. Kubitz, S.M. Bartell, and A.D. Monnot. 2022. Critical evaluation of ECOSAR and E-FAST platforms to predict ecological risks of PFAS. Environmental Advances 8:100221.

Towle, K.M., J.S. Kozal, D.A. Galbraith, and A.D. Monnot. 2022. A safety and effectiveness evaluation of a callus softener containing potassium hydroxide. Journal of the American Podiatric Association 112(2):19-117. doi: 10.7547/19-117.

Garnick, L.C., C. Gillie, J.S. Kozal, A.D. Monnot, P. Spencer, J. Quinn, and A. Maier. 2021. Hazard characterization of carcinogenicity, mutagenicity, and reproductive toxicity for short chain primary nitroalkanes. J. Appl. Toxicol. 41(12):1910–1936. doi: 10.1002/jat.4169. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Vincent, M.J., J.S. Kozal, W.J. Thompson, A. Maier, G.S. Dotson, E.A. Best, and K.A. Mundt. 2019. Ethylene oxide: Cancer evidence integration and dose–response implications. Dose-Response 17(4): 1559325819888317.

Kozal, J.S. 2018. Persistent effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure across generations: A bioenergetic and mitochondrial perspective. Dissertation. Duke University, Durham, NC. 160 pp.

Pitt, J.A., R. Trevisan, A. Massarsky, J.S. Kozal, E.D. Levin, and R.T. Di Giulio. 2018. Maternal transfer of nanoplastics to offspring in zebrafish (Danio rerio): A case study with nanopolystyrene. Sci. Total Environ. 643: 324–334.

Hartman, J.H., J.S. Kozal, R.T. Di Giulio, and J.N. Meyer. 2017. Zebrafish have an ethanol-inducible hepatic 4-nitrophenol hydroxylase that is not CYP2E1-Like. Environ. Toxicol. Phar. 54: 142–145.

Lindberg, C.D., N. Jayasundara, J.S. Kozal, T.C. Leuthner, and R.T. Di Giulio. 2017. Resistance to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon toxicity and associated bioenergetic consequences in a population of Fundulus heteroclitus. Ecotoxicology 26(3): 435–448.

Pitt, J.A., J.S. Kozal, N. Jayasundara, A. Massarsky, and R.T. Di Giulio. 2017. Uptake, tissue distribution and toxicity of polystyrene nanoparticles in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio). Aquat. Toxicol. 194: 185–194.

Massarsky, A., J.S. Kozal, and R.T. Di Giulio. 2016. Glutathione and zebrafish: Old assays to address a current issue. Chemosphere 168: 707–715.

Jayasundara, N., J.S. Kozal, M.C. Arnold, S.S.L. Chan, and R.T. Di Giulio. 2015. High-throughput tissue bioenergetics analysis reveals identical metabolic allometric scaling for teleost hearts and whole organisms. PLoS ONE 10(9): e0137710.

Kozal, J.S., D. Calderon-Arrieta, and M.B. Nowlin. “Developing Legislation to Prevent Lead Hazards in North Carolina: Housing, drinking water and blood lead action level,” Duke School of Law Environmental Law and Policy Clinic. Environmental Health Scholars Program 2017 Fall Forum: Health and the Environment in North Carolina, Durham, North Carolina, 2017.

Kozal, J.S., D. Calderon-Arrieta and M.B. Nowlin. “Potential Lead Exposure Pathways in North Carolina,” Lead Task Force Meeting. Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 2016.

Pattison F. and J.S. Kozal. “It’s Not Just Flint—Lead and North Carolina Children,” League of Women Voters of Wake County, Raleigh, North Carolina, 2016.

Kozal, J., and E. Fung. 2025. Evaluation of potential human cancer risk associated with exposure to bromoform through consumption of milk from dairy cows fed Asparagopsis as an anti-methanogenic feed additive. Poster presentation L603 at the Society of Toxicology 64th Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL. March 16–20.

Kozal, J.S. Product risk assessment to support a circular economy. 2024. Platform presentation at the Product Stewardship Exchange (PSX)—Product Stewardship Society Annual Meeting Boston, MA. October 15–17.

Kozal, J.S., K.G. Steimel, E. Fung, and M.L. Kreider. 2024. Risk assessment to support a circular economy: Evaluation of potential human health risks associated with wearing clothing made from recycled plastic drink bottles. Poster presentation at the Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, UT. March 10–14.

Yang, L.G., J.S. Kozal, and M.L. Kreider. 2024. Screening level cumulative human health risk assessment of PFAS in cosmetics. Poster presentation at the Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, UT. March 10–14.

Beckett, E., J.S. Kozal, H.N. Lynch, J. Klapacz, and A. Maier. 2022. Evaluation of potential modes of action for the carcinogenicity of propylene dichloride. Poster presentation at the Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA. March 27–31.

Gloekler, L.E., N.R. Binczewski, E.J. de Gandiaga, K.E. Gibbs, J.S. Kozal, A. Massarsky, M.J. Vincent, R.E. Zisook, G.S. Dotson, and S.H. Gaffney. 2022. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of children’s hand sanitizers available during the COVID-19 pandemic. Poster presentation at the Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA. March 27–31.

Kozal, J.S., M.J. Vincent, L.E. Gloekler, E.J. de Gandiaga, A. Massarsky, R.E. Zisook, N.R. Binczewski, K.E. Gibbs, S.H. Gaffney, and G.S. Dotson. 2022. Risk assessment of organic impurities detected in hand sanitizers marketed to children during the COVID-19 pandemic. Poster presentation at the Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA. March 27–31. *Selected as a top ten abstract by the Society of Toxicology Risk Assessment Specialty Section Executive Committee.

Lynch, H.N., J.S. Kozal, A.J. Russel, R.D. Freid, W.J. Thompson, and K.A. Mundt. 2022. Hybrid method for systematic review: Case study with ethylene oxide. Poster presentation at the Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA. March 27–31.
Massarsky, A., J.S. Parker, L.E. Gloekler, M.T. Donnell, N.R. Binczewski, J.S. Kozal, T. McKnight, A. Patterson, and M.L. Kreider. 2022. Assessing potential human exposure to PFAS from leave-in dental products. Poster presentation at the Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA. March 27–31.

Donnell, M.T., A. Massarsky, E.J. de Gandiaga, J.S. Kozal, L.C. Garnick, S.M. Bartell, J.A. Kubitz, and A.D. Monnot. 2021. Using E-FAST platform to predict human exposure to PFAS. Poster presentation at the Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting (Virtual), March 12–26.

Hwang, R.Y., J.S. Kozal, F. Louie, and K. Unice. 2021. Exposure and risk assessment of metals used in oxo-biodegradable plastics in consumer products. Poster presentation at the Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting (Virtual), March 12–26.

Kozal, J.S., H.N. Lynch, A. Massarsky, D. Dinh, J.S. Kubitz, Y. Atalay, P.K. Scott, and M.L. Kreider. 2021. Principal components analysis of variables affecting per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) bioconcentration or bioaccumulation factors (BCFs/BAFs) in fish. Poster presentation at the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry North America Annual Meeting (Virtual), November 14–18.

Kozal, J.S., A. Massarsky, and A.D. Monnot. 2021. Using E-FAST platform to predict human exposure to PFAS via discharge from semiconductor facilities. Platform presentation at the Semiconductor Environmental Health and Safety Association Annual Meeting (Virtual), April 14.

Lynch, H.N., J.S. Kozal, A. Massarsky, D. Dinh, J.S. Kubitz, Y. Atalay, P.K. Scott, and M.L. Kreider. 2021. Framework for evaluating PFAS uptake in fish: Empirical data and modeling approaches. Poster presentation at the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry North America Annual Meeting (Virtual), November 14–18.

Massarsky, A., M.T. Donnell, E.J. de Gandiaga, J.S. Kozal, L.C. Garnick, S.M. Bartell, J.A. Kubitz, and A.D. Monnot. 2021. Using ECOSAR and E-FAST platforms to predict ecological risks of PFAS. Poster presentation at the Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting (Virtual), March 12–26.

Massarsky, A., J.S. Kozal, and A.D. Monnot. 2021. Using ECOSAR and E-FAST platforms to predict ecological risks of PFAS from semiconductor facilities. Platform presentation at the Semiconductor Environmental Health and Safety Association Annual Meeting (Virtual), April 14.

Massarsky, A., L.G. Liang, S.B. Bandara, J.S. Kozal, and A.D. Monnot. 2021. Assessing potential ecological impacts due to residential pesticide use. Poster presentation at the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry North America Annual Meeting (Virtual), November 14−18.

Massarsky, A., J.S. Kozal, A. Urban, J. Bare, A. Jones, and S.M. Bartell. 2020. Modeling ecological risks of pesticides—glyphosate example. Poster presentation at the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry North America Annual Meeting (Virtual), November 15–19.

Hwang, R.Y., J.S. Kozal, F. Louie, and K. Unice. 2020. Exposure assessment of metals used in oxo-biodegradable plastics in consumer products. Poster presentation at the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry North America Annual Meeting (Virtual), November 15−19.

Best, E.A., M.J. Vincent, W.J. Thompson, A. Maier, G.S. Dotson, J.S. Kozal, and K.A. Mundt. 2019. The role of study quality in examining the risk of cancer from occupational exposure to ethylene oxide. Poster presentation at the Society for Risk Analysis Annual Meeting, Arlington, VA. December 8–12.

Kozal, J.S., R. Trevisan, S. Heissenberger, N. Jayasundara, and R.T. Di Giulio. 2018. Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the persistent effects of benzo(a)pyrene across multiple generations: Mechanisms and consequences. Platform presentation at the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry North America Annual Meeting, Sacramento, CA. November 4–8.

Kozal, J.S., N. Jayasundara, and R.T. Di Giulio. 2017. Cross-generational exposure to benzo(a)pyrene affects metabolic plasticity and thermal stress response capacity. NIEHS Superfund Research Program Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, PA. December 6–8.

Kozal, J.S., N. Jayasundara, and R.T. Di Giulio. 2017. Transgenerational exposure to benzo(a)pyrene affects metabolic plasticity and thermal stress response capacity. Platform presentation at the International Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms, Matsuyama, Japan. June 30–July 3. *Selected as best presentation

Kozal, J.S. and R.T. Di Giulio. 2016. Persistent effects of PAH exposure across generations: A bioenergetic and mitochondrial perspective. Platform presentation at Duke Zebrafish Community Meeting, Durham, NC. March 3.

Kozal, J.S., N. Jayasundara, C.D. Lindberg, A. Massarsky, A.N. Oliveri, E.D. Levin, J.N. Meyer, and R.T. Di Giulio. 2016. Multi-generational toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons prolongs physiological impacts of exposures. Poster presentation at the NIEHS Superfund Research Program Annual Meeting, Durham, NC. December 5–8.

Kozal, J.S., N. Jayasundara, C.D. Lindberg, A. Massarsky, A.N. Oliveri, E.D. Levin, J.N. Meyer, and R.T. Di Giulio. 2016. Multi-generational toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons prolongs physiological impacts of exposures 2016. Poster presentation at the Society of Toxicology and Environmental Chemistry North America Annual Meeting, Orlando, FL. November 6–10.

Kozal, J.S., N. Jayasundara, C.D. Lindberg, A. Massarsky, A.N. Oliveri, E.D. Levin, J.N. Meyer, and R.T. Di Giulio. 2016. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress contribute to transgenerational toxicity of benzo(a)pyrene in Danio rerio . Poster presentation at the Triangle Zebrafish Symposium, Durham, NC. March.

Kozal, J.S., N. Jayasundara, C.D. Lindberg, A. Massarsky, A.N. Oliveri, E.D. Levin, J.N. Meyer, and R.T. Di Giulio. 2016. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress contribute to transgenerational toxicity of benzo(a)pyrene in Danio rerio. Poster presentation at the Society of Toxicology Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA. March 13–16.

Kozal, J.S., S.C.V. Burwell, N. Jayasundara, C.D. Lindberg, A. Massarsky, A.N. Oliveri, E.D. Levin, J.N. Meyer, and R.T. Di Giulio. 2015.Transgenerational mitochondrial toxicity of benzo(a)pyrene in Danio rerio. Poster presentation at the NIEHS Superfund Research Program Annual Meeting, San Juan, Puerto Rico. November 18–20.

Kozal, J.S., N. Jayasundara, A.J. Bone, C.D. Lindberg, J.M. Bailey, E.D. Levin, and R.T. Di Giulio. 2015. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor dependent persistent bioenergetic impairment following early life exposure to simple and complex polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures in Danio rerio. Platform presentation at the International Symposium on Pollutant Responses in Marine Organisms, Trondheim, Norway. May 23.

Kozal, J.S., N. Jayasundara, J.S. Osterberg, and R.T. Di Giulio. 2014. Tricyclic PAH-mediated cardiotoxicity in Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) inhabiting a highly PAH contaminated environment. Poster presented at the Society of Toxicology and Environmental Chemistry North America Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada. November 9–13. *Selected as best student poster presentation (Level–Ph.D.; Placing–First)

Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment Durham, NC, Ph.D. Candidate 2013–2018

• Investigated how maternal and early life exposures to environmental toxicants (e.g., air pollution and oil spills) can have persistent health effects throughout life and in multiple subsequent generations.
• Research Mentor for the NIEHS Research Experiences for Undergraduates Program, 2014–2017
• Supervised undergraduate students on a variety of laboratory research projects, including characterizing the toxicity of nanoplastics

Teaching Assistant (Introduction to Environmental Science and Policy) 2013

• Facilitated break out sections, taught review sessions, held office hours, and graded assignments

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